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53 pages 1 hour read

Chang-rae Lee

A Gesture Life

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1999

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Symbols & Motifs

The Black Flag

Throughout the story, the black flag represents a warning of something dreadful to come and a signal of upcoming disappearance. In olden times, a Kurohata, or black flag, was used to signal the spread of infectious disease within a town, warning travelers away. Hata’s adoptive family, the Kurohatas, descend from prominent apothecaries who would venture into infected lands to treat those who lived within. Captain Ono uses the black flag as a signal to Hata to remove K from service and examine her for infection and disease. Captain Ono orders Hata to prepare, treat, and isolate K beforehand by locking her in the surplus supply closet until he says otherwise. His decision to use a black flag as a signal to get her ready is intentionally belittling to Hata, while at the same time keeps others away from the infirmary. In reality, it is unusual that the doctor singles her out before any indication of an illness or malady, and his singular fixation on K is nothing other than sexual desire and infatuation. The day that Captain Ono hangs the flag outside the infirmary marks the day of K’s brutal murder, and Hata’s last chance to save her from whatever Captain Ono had planned for her.

The black flag recurs as a symbol throughout Hata’s life. When Sunny finds a black flag in Hata’s things in his closet, it is clear that Hata has held onto it all these years for a reason. When an elderly Hata imagines K comes at night to visit him, she is naked, enrobed in a black flag. Hata’s imaginary K wishes to move on from “that place” and is unable to die peacefully unless they do. This alludes to the way Hata olds too tightly to gesture, politeness, emotional decorum and a refusal to face the truth of his mistake. While K could never stomach living the lie, Hata lives only the lie from his early childhood. When Hata sees a teenaged girl hiding under a black cloth at Ebbington Mall, he recognizes it as an attempt to repel insults by making herself disappear and detaching herself from the situation. It is this scenario that plunges Hata into a flashback of his days with K, the black flag symbolizing a warning of K’s fate. Hata thinks of K upon seeing this peculiar act because of K’s similar attempt to detach herself from her surroundings, yet being unable to truly remove herself from the situation. In the last sentences of the novel, Hata claims that rather than finding his destiny or finding forgiveness from a dead K, he will fly a flag. Just as K’s untimely but anticipated death is signaled by a black flag, Hata flying a flag signals his moving on. Just as K was unable to survive on the imaginary, unrealistic hopes of a life after the war, Hata is unable to continue living a life of gestures and must face the truth of his past.

The House

Franklin Hata’s investment in creating a pristine, perfect house is symbolic of the tyrannically orderly life he has worked for years to build. Just as Hata has created a life of gestures for himself, the house is the physical manifestation of keeping up a reputation. It is clear how meticulously Hata works on every piece of the house, from the way he fixed Sunny’s bathroom, his detailed planning of the lawn, and the overall upkeep of its every part.

However, Hata’s detachment from his own emotions is also visually represented in the many instances in which he looks into his house. Upon reflection of the English novel of a man traveling by swimming from house to house, he suddenly feels as though he is outside of his house looking in. As the story progresses, the elderly Hata starts to feel out of place in his precious home. When his living room catches on fire, Hata is aware of the dark sensibility that he possibly caused the conflagration himself, symbolizing a desire for everything that he built—his reputation, life of gestures, emotional decorum–to go up in flames. Upon return from the hospital, Hata strongly feels his house to be a curated museum. Just as the man in the novel he alludes to swims a “fitful passage through the epic seasons of life” and returns to a locked and deserted home, Hata is slowly becoming unable to live the lie any longer, as if ready for the next season of life.

At the end of the story, Hata mourns that his house never became a home when observing the new family in late Mary Burns’ home. Just as Hata’s life remained significantly empty without true substance and love, his house was never blessed with the life of the daily happenings of life and a family. After finally agreeing to sell his house, Hata decides that he will finally be on the outside looking in when his house is full of life. Though selling his house finally means he is moving on from a life of gestures and decorum, it also represents a step towards embracing the raw emotions of life. Just as he will finally look into his house full of life, he will finally look into his own heart and come face to face with a lifetime of subdued emotions. As he sells his home, Hata’s passage to the next season of life begins with an awareness that he will still one day come around and “come almost home”—signifying a sensibility that what he now calls home was always removed from the true nature of a real home and was as carefully constructed and curated as his reputation. 

Swimming

The act of swimming serves as a recurring motif that first appears as Hata’s main recreational activity. Hata’s near obsession with swimming every morning in his ornate pool becomes a marker for routine and normalcy. Before Hata’s living room catches on fire, he reflects on a story from an old novel of a man who “swims across the county” through people’s properties and finally returns home to find it locked up and deserted. Though mentioned in passing, Hata reflects deeply on its possible meanings—either the man began a sort of quest and finds himself in spiritual disillusion, wishes to escape the realities of his fallen station, or perhaps is making fitful passage through the epic seasons of life. Each of these analyses provide different perspectives as Hata begins to wonder if he is entering a significant period in his life of his own making. As the story progresses, it becomes clear that Hata’s life is actually a fitful passage through life’s many seasons, and his act of swimming is a means of traveling through them.

When considering things through a dark sensibility, Hata ponders on the water quality of his pool. No matter the light or time of day, swimming through it feels as though the water is not material nor true, “but rather pulling yourself blindly through a mysterious resistance whose properties are slowly revealing themselves beneath you, in flame-like roils and tendrils, the black fires of the past” (151). After imagining K’s night visit, Hata dips beneath the surface of a tub full of hot water: “The intense heat felt so pure and truthful to me, so all-enveloping, that I wished there was a way I could remain within it, silently curled up as if I were quite unborn” (290). For Hata, swimming serves as a means of unveiling the truth, however dark.

It is after reflecting on the novel that Hata has the notion that he is viewing his home, the pool, and himself in the water from high above. The thought of the fitful swimmer leads Hata to begin burning old paperwork such as canceled checks and bank statements, which in turn leads to the living room catching on fire. The idea of swimming through the seasons of life troubles Hata to the point that he may have caused the fire himself in an attempt to burn down the life of gestures he has built for himself. Thomas’s obsession with fish and a desire to be able to breathe underwater inspires thoughts of transmogrification and the chance to have a “wholly different heart and shell and mien that would deliver me over to a brand-new life, fresh and hopeful and unfettered” (277). When Thomas nearly drowns at the Bedley Run pool, Hata is faced with the decision of saving either Thomas or Renny. When Renny believes that Hata saved him, Hata feels even more exposed as a cowardly liar, whom people revere as a doctor but in reality, is nowhere near it.

The Piano

Although the piano is only present in Hata’s life during Sunny’s early childhood, it serves as a symbol of the inevitable failure to be worthy of one’s parents. For Hata, it is a symbol of opportunity for Sunny to take advantage of in suburban American life—opportunities she would have never had in an orphanage. Hata tells K that the sole responsibility of the child is to become worthy of his or her parents, as he feels he has failed in respect to his adoptive family. In the same way, Sunny disappoints Hata from the moment that she arrives. He is less than pleased with her mixed race, and she was not from the exact kind of family he desired to build his perfectly set up life in Bedley Run. As much as Hata desires love, he keeps all possible outlets for love at arm’s length, never allowing himself to truly feel, relenting only to gesture and reputation.

Throughout Sunny’s childhood, Hata’s obsession with Sunny’s studies and extracurricular activities seems to be a forced payment to her as though he is indebted to her. Though Sunny plays beautifully, she never achieves perfection, and he visibly displays his displeasure to her. The piano also serves as the wedge that distances Sunny and Hata through the years. She never lives up to his expectations, and even as an adult, Sunny remembers that she felt as though Hata never wanted her. Even when Sunny hopes for Hata to sell the piano, she knows that he wishes to keep it as a constant reminder of her failure. Without truly realizing it, he projects his own feelings of failing his adoptive parents on Sunny.

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