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63 pages 2 hours read

Tom Wolfe

The Bonfire of the Vanities

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1987

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Chapters 19-24Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 19 Summary: “Donkey Loyalty”

Abe Weiss’s attitude toward Kramer has changed ever since the discovery of Roland. Weiss now actually talks to Kramer, even referring to him by his first name, “Larry.” At a meeting, Bernie Fitzgibbon and Kramer tell the DA they have enough evidence to move on Sherman, but Weiss wants them to first ensure Roland is telling the truth. Since Roland is a known drug dealer, his testimony cannot be taken at face value. Kramer feels indignant on Roland’s behalf and tells Weiss that Roland “is not that bad a kid” (442). Weiss smiles and teases Kramer for “lighting up the witness” (446), the common phenomenon of romanticizing one’s star witnesses. The men go through the issue of Architectural Digest featuring Sherman’s huge, sumptuously decorated apartment. Kramer feels resentful of Sherman for inheriting so much wealth he could buy such an apartment. Weiss agrees to have Sherman McCoy arraigned: Having Sherman arrested from his Park Avenue apartment would show the public that Weiss is not afraid to take on New York’s elite. Fitzgibbon tells Weiss that he has made a deal with Thomas Killian that Sherman will be allowed to turn himself in. Weiss resists the suggestion but ultimately agrees because he too believes in the system of the Favor Bank.

Chapter 20 Summary: “Calls from Above”

Sherman’s boss, Gene Lopwitz, summons him to his office to express concern over the mistakes Sherman has been making at work. While talking to Sherman, Lopwitz also conducts a phone discussion with an interior decorator. Lopwitz asks Sherman if trouble at home is affecting his work. Sherman feels tempted to reveal his affair and its disastrous consequences to Lopwitz but is put off by Lopwitz’s gossipy, nosy manner. Just then, Sherman gets a call from Killian and steps out of Lopwitz’s office. Killian tells Sherman the DA’s office has a witness in the Henry Lamb case, and Sherman will be placed under arrest tomorrow. Sherman is shocked as Killian had told him the DA’s office would not be able to build a case against him. Killian comforts Sherman and tells him to turn himself in the next day. A crestfallen Sherman returns to Lopwitz’s office and tells him everything. Lopwitz immediately begins to name-drop all the famous lawyers he knows, suggesting Sherman should have approached them. Sherman realizes Lopwitz is not angry at Sherman, just hungry for gossip and sensation.

Chapter 21 Summary: “The Fabulous Koala”

Sherman walks around in a fog, slowly formulating his next steps. He withdraws $10,000 for bail money from his bank, wiping out his checking account, and goes over to his father’s office to tell him about the impending arrest. Sherman’s father, John, empathizes with him, although he is surprised Sherman approached Freddy for help. Sherman should have asked John, and John would have referred him to famous lawyers. The lawyers John names are old, retired federal judges, which makes Sherman see how out-of-touch his father has grown. Sherman feels a wave of pity for his father, especially when John offers to help him financially. John asks Sherman about Judy’s response to the news, and Sherman tells him Judy does not know yet. John is left speechless.

Sherman finally tells Judy about his affair and upcoming arrest, but changes some details, like he did with his father. In this version, Sherman and Maria had a minor flirtation, and Sherman was never intimate with Maria. A shocked Judy tells Sherman that she will support him outwardly but cannot love him anymore because of what he has done to her and Campbell. Dejected, Sherman goes to Campbell’s room, where Campbell shares with him a story she has written about a koala. Sherman is heartbroken by his daughter’s innocence and tells her people will soon be saying bad things about him. Campbell tells Sherman she loves him anyway and hugs him as if she were the parent.

Chapter 22 Summary: “Styrofoam Peanuts”

Sherman spends the night in disbelief that he is going to jail the next morning. He decides to pull himself together for Campbell’s sake. Killian has arranged for Martin and Goldberg to pick him and Sherman up discreetly on their way to work. At 7:15 am, Sherman leaves his apartment to meet Killian, who is waiting for Sherman at the entrance to the apartment building. The detectives’ car pulls up at the corner, and Sherman and Killian get in. Sherman notices the car is filled with Styrofoam peanuts, which get all over his clothes. Martin, Goldberg, and Killian make small talk as if this is a routine drive. As they approach the courthouse, Martin and Goldberg tell Killian that Sherman will be taken to the Central Building, rather than through the side entrance as Fitzgibbon had promised Killian. Killian is incensed at the betrayal.

The policemen cuff Sherman, again violating the arrangement with Killian. A huge crowd, filled with TV crews, is waiting in the rain outside the Central Building. The press mobs Sherman as he walks toward the gate, asking him for soundbites. Killian wants to get Sherman inside the building fast, but the detectives tell him Weiss’s orders are that Sherman awaits his turn in the queue of defendants. The journalists and crowds heckle Sherman, calling him names. Peter Fallow is present at the scene too. Sherman somehow manages to get into the building, and Killian is sent away for the time being. Inside the building, the detectives ask Sherman to remove his belt and shoestrings. Sherman’s pants fall off after he removes the belt, and he feels humiliated. He holds his pants up and is taken to a cubicle, fingerprinted, and repeatedly run through a metal detector triggered by his fillings. The grimy pens are filled with vomiting people and men heckling Sherman. Sherman spots some men kicking a mouse around and tries to save the mouse, but it bites him. He flings away the mouse in a reflex, and the mouse lands on a man, who screams terrifyingly at Sherman. Just then, Sherman is summoned by a judge.

Killian and Kramer are present in the judge’s chambers. Kramer tells the judge Sherman’s bail has been raised to $250,000 given the grave nature of his charges. Killian furiously argues against the increase, and the judge agrees to set the bail at $10,000. Sherman is released. Outside the court building, Sherman promises himself that he will never go back inside again. He will shoot himself dead rather than revisit the horror.

Chapter 23 Summary: “Inside the Cavity”

Kramer and Weiss watch the TV coverage of Sherman coming to the courthouse. Kramer too is featured in the TV stories as the ADA pursuing justice for Henry. Sherman looks handsome but beleaguered and despondent in the coverage. The men go through The City Light, where the coverage runs into several pages. One of Fallow’s stories is now tracking the mysterious woman who was with Sherman in the car at the time of the hit-and-run. Weiss is pleased with the attention the case is getting, especially since it goes a long way toward reversing his office’s image. He complements Kramer for his work on the case, asking Kramer to call him “Abe.” Weiss also tells Kramer that though Bernie Fitzgibbon is upset at him for violating the promises made to Killian, Weiss does not want to be soft on Sherman. According to Weiss, Bernie, the Irishman, believes Sherman should get special treatment because he is a WASP.

The narrator notes that the Spanish psychologist Jose M.R. Delgado believed the hypothesis of the Bororo Indigenous people of the Amazon that the mind is a communal entity, “an open cavity […] in which the entire village dwells” (534). However, Delgado did not explore what happens to someone whose private self is suddenly exposed to the world. This is what Sherman undergoes after his Court House visit. Sherman has no privacy left, with the press and public invading all aspects of his life. Judy roams their apartment, shellshocked at the intrusion, and Campbell is confused. This morning, as Sherman walks Campbell to the bus stop, they are suddenly mobbed by several camera crews. The journalists even ask Campbell her name and photograph her without Sherman’s permission. An angry Sherman screams at the crews, asking for right of way. When they don’t relent, he pushes one of the camerawomen. The parents at the bus stop stare at the scene. Campbell gets onto the bus, crying.

Chapter 24 Summary: “The Informants”

After dropping off Campbell, Sherman meets Killian. He wants to fire Killian because of yesterday’s fiasco. Killian tells Sherman he has been working on strengthening Sherman’s defense. He has hired an investigator called Ed Quigley, who has discovered Roland Auburn is awaiting his fourth drug indictment. Killian believes that Roland twisted his testimony in exchange for dropping his charges. He plans to question Roland’s motives and background in the court. Sherman feels relieved. Quigley also tailed Maria and found out she went to Italy with an artist called Fillipo Chirazzi. Maria is now back in town, and Quigley and Killian will make sure Sherman meets her. Killian asks for $75,000 for Quigley’s retainer. Sherman pays up and drops the idea of firing Killian.

Kramer and Shelly are on another date. Shelly seems impressed by Kramer’s TV appearance. Sensing her admiration, Kramer tells her Roland Auburn is not an evil person, he just did some bad things. However, when Shelly begins to question the case, such as Roland’s delay in sharing information, Kramer turns defensive. He tells Shelly that Sherman’s arrest is important to show people the rich and famous cannot get away with everything they want. Later, Kramer kisses Shelly outside the restaurant and wonders what she is thinking at the moment. Shelly is thinking that all men in New York are the same. If one goes out with them, one must endure listening to “two or three hours of My Career first” (560).

Peter Fallow is at the Leicester, where he is greeted like a star. Caroline, his ex-girlfriend, shares an important tip with Fallow. Caroline tells him that the mysterious woman in Sherman’s car is Maria Ruskin, the wife of the magnate Arthur Ruskin. Her friend, Filippo Chirazzi, is having an affair with Maria and shared the information with Caroline.

Chapters 19-24 Analysis

This climactic section juxtaposes Sherman’s fall with Kramer’s and Fallow’s rises, with the latter characters serving as Sherman’s foils in the narrative. In Chapter 19, Kramer observes that Weiss now addresses him directly. Earlier, Weiss spoke only to Kramer’s boss, Bernie Fitzgibbon, barely looking at Kramer. In an example of Wolfe’s use of satire, by Chapter 23, Weiss is asking Kramer to call him “Abe.” The swift change in Weiss’s attitude toward Kramer shows the fickleness of the world the characters inhabit. Fallow too has won celebrity after pursuing the Henry Lamb story. The sequence of Sherman’s downfall is traced in detail, emphasizing Sherman’s sadness and humiliation. The close attention paid to Sherman’s emotions is a tool that increases identification with and sympathy for him, indicative of a potential redemption arc. Sherman’s arrest in Chapter 22 marks the climax of the novel. Sherman’s humiliation is presented in hyperbolic, dramatic terms, with Sherman bedraggled, covered in Styrofoam peanuts, and heckled by a large crowd. Sherman’s extreme distress emphasizes how his pride in his appearance is being dismantled. Throughout the novel, Sherman is vain about his good looks and conscious of the image he portrays. Being brought into the courthouse like any other defendant shatters all these notions.

Both Judy and Sherman’s father, John, serve as moral compasses for Sherman in the novel. Sherman has previously thought of his father as a larger-than-life, judgmental figure, but he can now see his father is a frail, older man. Again, the idea of mortality forces Sherman to see the truth about his actions, much as the story of the Masque of the Red Death did in the previous section. When Sherman tells his father that he has not yet told Judy about his involvement in the accident, John is so shocked that “every vestige of an expression [leaves] the face of the old grey-haired lad” (470). John is appalled at Sherman’s failure to tell the truth, yet Sherman still hides the full picture of his affair with Maria from Judy. Sherman justifies this as protecting Judy, but his secretiveness also reveals his hypocrisy. Judy’s heartbroken yet dignified reaction to Sherman’s confession contrasts with Sherman’s duplicity. Her response indicates that Sherman still must undergo many changes to emerge as a trustworthy protagonist.

Ironically, while Sherman feels humiliated and scared in the courthouse, for most of the Black and brown defendants stuck in the system, this is treated as a matter of routine. Sherman experiences the pens as a hallucinatory nightmare, feeling scared every time a Black or Latino man heads his way. His self-centered, distorted moral code is underscored when he notes that while his charge of manslaughter is “minor,” most of the other men are in for charges like multiple drug arrests and armed robberies. Sherman’s exaggerated perception of his misery and the threat represented by the other men at the courthouse is a satirical comment on Sherman’s insularity and prejudices. Sherman’s response to his time at the courthouse highlights the Disparities of Race and Class.

While the novel has often been described as a morality tale and a social satire, this section shows how it is also a tight procedural about the legal and law enforcement systems. One of the difficulties in trying a case is ascertaining the truth of a matter, and here, the novel shows how competing motivations complicate the notion of pure truth. Roland Auburn says Sherman’s car ran into Henry on Bruckner Boulevard, a street in the Bronx, rather than a ramp. Roland may be obfuscating the truth because his presence on a dimly lit ramp would immediately arouse suspicion. For their part, the DA’s office is so focused on prosecuting Sherman that they do not pursue the identity of the woman in the car with him. It is left to the tabloid press to explore the story of the mysterious woman in the car.

Throughout this section, women continue to be objectified and flattened by male characters and the narrative itself. In the previous section, Roland describes Maria as “foxy…a hot ticket” (440). The sensationalistic press, represented by The City Light, latches onto the sexist description and labels Maria the “foxy brunette.” Maria herself disappears after Chapter 15 and eludes Sherman, which signifies her untrustworthiness. Killian disparages Maria’s character, labeling her as promiscuous because she went to Italy with Chirazzi. Though Sherman continues to believe in Maria’s love for him, the narrative frames this as an example of Sherman’s naivete. Maria and Sherman’s lack of communication foreshadows that Maria will ultimately testify against Sherman. Like Maria, Shelly Thomas too is repeatedly sexualized, with Kramer viewing her as a sexual trophy. In a rare instance of a woman character given interiority, Shelly wryly observes that Kramer is like any other man in self-obsessed man in New York, going on about “My Career first” (560).

Glitches in the “favor bank” highlight the theme of The Internal Corruption of Powerful Institutions. Overruling Bernie Fitzgibbon, Weiss has Sherman processed like any other defendant. Weiss wants to prove that he does not spare white defendants like Sherman and therefore goes the extra mile to hound a defendant who has voluntarily turned himself in. The DA’s office also wants Sherman’s bail to be raised to prove a point. Thus, the law enforcement system in the narrative is shown to be governed by political ambitions and corrupt practices rather than the spirit of public service.

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