57 pages • 1 hour read
Tim O'BrienA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
The novel begins with the statement, “It was a bad time” (1) and lists the men who have died: Billy Boy Watkins, Frenchie Tucker, Bernie Lynn, Lieutenant Sidney Martin, Pederson, Rudy Chassler, Buff, and Ready Mix. The rain is constant, filling the foxholes, ruining the ammunition, and causing fungus to grow on the men’s feet. Their new lieutenant, Lieutenant Corson, has dysentery. Vaught scraped diseased skin off his arm with his bayonet, and infection set in; he was pulled out of the war and lost his arm. Ben Nystrom shot himself in the foot. The men joke about all of these things.
In October, Doc Peret tells Lieutenant Corson that Cacciato has gone, after telling Paul Berlin that he was going to Paris. The lieutenant lies in his underwear smoking a joint; he’s old and ill—he should have been a major, but “whiskey and the fourteen dull years between Korea and Vietnam had ended all that” (2). Eventually he sits up and begins to think about what to do.
The lieutenant asks Paul—who he thinks is Vaught—what Cacciato is doing. Paul tells him Cacciato is planning to walk the 8,600 miles to Paris. The lieutenant decides that Cacciato’s squad, the Third Squad (consisting of Paul, Doc, Eddie Lazzutti, Stink Harris, Oscar Johnson, and Harold Murphy) will go after Cacciato.
Stink points out Cacciato around noon the next day, half a mile up the mountain. As they climb, Paul thinks about Cacciato: “Open-faced and naïve and plump, Cacciato lacked the fine detail, the refinements and final touches, that maturity ordinarily marks on a boy of seventeen years…All this, Stink said, added up to a case of gross stupidity” (8). Paul remembers Cacciato studying the atlas and thinks his venture is sad.
They reach the top of the mountain, and Eddie finds Cacciato’s camp littered with candy wrappers, used Sterno, and a partially burned map with a red dotted line. They smoke a joint and rest. Doc suggests they turn back, and Harold Murphy agrees, but the lieutenant says no.
Cacciato waves at them from the top of the second mountain the next day. The lieutenant is sick and passes the binoculars to Paul, who watches Cacciato flap his arms until he starts to fly. Every time Cacciato opens his mouth, it thunders, but Paul reads his lips; Cacciato is saying good-bye.
That night, the lieutenant radios in that he’s pursuing the enemy, but he refuses weaponry. Paul tells Doc that he hopes Cacciato keeps going. He wonders how it will end and is scared by an image of Cacciato’s head exploding—a real possibility in a war. Paul remembers brave things Cacciato did—shooting someone and pulling someone out of a bunker.
They continue to march for days without sight of Cacciato. Occasionally, they come across items he’s left behind. On the sixth day, Stink spots Cacciato standing casually just ahead. Stink fires two rounds in the air and charges forward, tripping a wire. The men hit the ground. Paul is terrified; he tries to count as his bowels release, but it turns out to be only a red smoke bomb.
Later, Oscar is sent with a white flag to talk to Cacciato, to tell him he will be court-martialed, that he will starve, but Cacciato says he’s sorry about the smoke bomb and refuses to go back. Instead of sleeping, Paul stares toward Cacciato and tries to imagine a happy ending in which they go to Paris. Late at night, Paul wakes up and looks at the constellations that his father taught him and wishes that Cacciato had left the trails and run through the night.
The next morning, they wake up and separate to surround Cacciato. Paul wishes for a point when things would be better. Each of the groups fires a flare when the men are in position. Paul fires his flare and shouts, “Go!” (25).
Paul stands in the tower on watch and contemplates what “a fine idea…a splendid idea” it would be for Cacciato to lead them to Paris (26). He takes stock of their camp, and deciding that things are safe, lets himself imagine the possibilities of travelling to Paris with Cacciato.
Paul considers Doc’s opinion: that his thoughts about Cacciato are a result of an overabundance of fear, which has gone to his head and started “fucking up reality, frying in all the goofy, weird stuff” (28). Paul concentrates on his surroundings like Doc instructed, but while he admits he’s afraid, he doesn’t think there’s anything wrong with his thoughts about Cacciato. He thinks it’s something different from dreaming or pretending—it’s simply “a working out of the possibilities…a way of asking questions” (29). And so Paul asks himself where Cacciato went, why he went there, how he escaped, and how they chased him.
The squad has been walking through the jungle for two days, single file, with Paul at the rear, “whose each step was an event of imagination” (30). They are one klick (kilometer) away from Laos; if they cross the border, Lieutenant Corson admits it would be desertion. Harold Murphy argues that they should turn back and let Cacciato go, but they follow the lieutenant’s lead and keep walking.
The jungle is thickening, and they have to stop often to clear a path with a machete. They finally reconnect with a trail, and near dusk, they reach a river: the border between Vietnam and Laos. Looking across the river, Lieutenant Corson says, “‘No bridges…I guess that’s one good thing. No bridges to burn behind me’” (33). Then he wades across the river, and the others follow.
They march through the jungle for six days—once passing a deserted village, once an ancient cemetery—without any sign of life, including Cacciato. They are tired, especially Lieutenant Corson, who slips and falls in a shallow creek and has to be pulled out by Doc and Eddie.
The squad holds a vote to decide whether to go on or turn back. Harold Murphy and Eddie vote to turn back; Oscar, Stink, and Doc vote to keep going. Paul casts the last vote: “‘Keep going,’ he said. ‘See what happens’” (35). Harold Murphy is gone, with the machine gun, in the morning. The squad continues moving to the west.
The first three chapters set up the three basic narrative threads of the book. O’Brien opens with realism and the first of many litanies of the casualties; each of these deaths will be detailed in the non-chronological realist chapters of the book. The first long paragraph describes the physical horrors of the war, where Vaught, who loses an arm, is the lucky one, and Ben Nystrom is willing to shoot himself to go home.
Then the narrative starts in earnest, and the reader learns that Cacciato has set out for Paris, which prompts Paul Berlin’s imaginary quest that starts in the third chapter. The first chapter maintains a plausible feel, with minor surrealistic touches, like Cacciato seeming to take flight from the mountain when he’s really just waving goodbye.
We meet the men of the Third Squad in this chapter, the main characters in the novel, and Paul Berlin emerges as the protagonist. Their responses to Cacciato’s disappearance indicate some of their personalities: Doc is a voice of reason, Lieutenant Corson is tired and world-weary, Oscar is a leader, Stink charges ahead brashly, and Paul hopes for a happy ending in spite of reality.
Chapter 2 introduces the second main narrative thread: a night where Paul is alone with his thoughts on the observation post. He uses this time to think about both what really happens and what he might imagine. This chapter makes clear that the pursuit of Cacciato is happening in Paul’s imagination. It also introduces one of the novel’s primary themes, Paul’s acknowledgment of his fear and his strategies to deal with it. Paul characterizes his thoughts about Cacciato as rational.
The third chapter sets up the pursuit of Cacciato, the third narrative thread. They cross the literal border between Vietnam and Laos, which represents the border between reality and fantasy. We know from the second chapter, in which each step is an act of Paul’s imagination, and from the fact that a lieutenant would not abandon his platoon to lead one squad into another country, that the events in this chapter are not actually occurring in the story, but the style is very realistic. The soldiers march in Paul’s imagination just as they march in reality, which allows the reader to examine the two threads for their similarities and differences.
By Tim O'Brien