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Margaret MitchellA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
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Content Warning: This section contains discussion of a forced sexual encounter.
During her honeymoon in New Orleans, Scarlett meets many of Rhett’s business friends and their ladies. She likes these people immensely compared to the stuffed shirts in Atlanta: “[T]hey were Rhett’s friends and had large houses and fine carriages […] gave parties in their honor. And Scarlett liked them very well. Rhett was amused when she told him so” (1092).
Rhett points out that all his friends made money the same way he did, through shady speculative dealings. He says that the Old Guard would never accept these people, no matter how much money they had. Rhett proposes building a fine new house in Atlanta and gives Scarlett carte blanche to design and decorate it any way she likes, even though he thinks she has terrible taste.
When the Butlers return to Atlanta, there is much whispering about cutting them out of the social elite, but Melanie staunchly defends Scarlett and tells all the ladies that she owes her life to her sister-in-law. Scarlett keeps a low profile until she can impress everyone by inviting them to the new house: “She wanted to delay her social activities until the day when the house was finished and she could emerge as the mistress of Atlanta’s largest mansion, the hostess of the town’s most elaborate entertainments” (1114-15). Scarlett is firmly of the opinion that people have no choice but to like you if you’re rich enough.
She stages a grand housewarming party, and some of the Old Guard agree to attend in addition to her nouveau riche acquaintances. However, the guest list includes the hated Republican Governor Bullock. This is too much even for Melanie and the Wilkes family, who leave the party early. Despite this snub, Scarlett enjoys being the center of her own social circle again:
To her had come that pleasant intoxication peculiar to those whose lives are a deliberate slap in the face of organized society—the gambler, the confidence man, the polite adventuress, all those who succeed by their wits (1128-29).
Rhett and Scarlett get along reasonably well together in the new house until Scarlett announces she is pregnant and doesn’t intend to keep the baby. Rhett says that abortion is a dangerous option and might kill her, so he demands that she continue the pregnancy. In due time, a baby girl is delivered, and Rhett is overjoyed. He tells everyone that he didn’t want a boy anyway.
Seven-year-old Wade is confused by the tumult in the household when the baby arrives, but Rhett is kind and says that he will like having another little sister. Rhett’s joy at the baby girl even puts him in Mammy’s good graces. Until now, she has refused to wear the red taffeta petticoat he bought her. In honor of the birth, she dons it and shares a toast with Rhett. Even Wade receives a watered-down glass of claret to celebrate.
Scarlett is piqued by the way that Rhett dotes on his daughter: “‘You are making a fool of yourself,’ she said irritably, ‘and I don’t see why.’ ‘No? Well, you wouldn’t. […] she’s the first person who’s ever belonged utterly to me’” (1146). The child has blue eyes like Gerald. When Melanie declares they are as blue as the bonnie blue flag of the Confederacy, the child is nicknamed Bonnie Blue Butler, even though she is officially christened Eugenie Victoria.
When Scarlett is well enough to return to business affairs, she is appalled that her waist is no longer 17 inches. She thinks that babies not only ruined her figure but that they ruin everything, and she is determined to have no more children. When she tells Rhett to move out of their shared bedroom, he doesn’t object.
Scarlett pays a visit to Ashley’s mill. As always, he is barely breaking even because he doesn’t work the convicts as hard as Johnny Gallegher does. Scarlett objects, and Ashley is appalled by her pitiless attitude. He says, “Your—Rhett Butler. Everything he touches, he poisons. And he has taken you who were so sweet and generous and gentle, for all your spirited ways, and he has […] hardened you, brutalized you by his contact” (1150). Scarlett later attributes his comment to jealousy, which gratifies her.
A year later, the family is at home on a rainy day when Rhett discovers that Wade is being excluded from parties with the other planter children. He is determined that Bonnie won’t be excluded from Old Guard social events as Wade and Ella have been: “I’m not going to see her forced to marry a Yankee or a foreigner because no decent Southern family will have her—because her mother was a fool and her father a blackguard” (1159).
Rhett begins a concerted campaign to ingratiate himself with everyone who matters. This is doubly hard because of his association with Governor Bullock, who turned the formerly enslaved against the plantation owners and encouraged them to vote:
Few of them could read or write. They were fresh from cotton patch and canebrake, but it was within their power to vote taxes and bonds as well as enormous expense accounts to themselves and their Republican friends. And they voted them (1163).
Against these odds, Rhett manages to win over members of the Old Guard. In time, the elderly ladies and gentlemen come around because he saved many of them during the Yankee raid on the shantytown. They also learn that Rhett served in the artillery during the last stages of the war, which goes far to undo his bad reputation. Soon, everyone paints Scarlett as the family villain but approves of Rhett and his daughter.
In April, Melanie is planning a surprise birthday party for Ashley. This will be the first such celebration since the barbecue at Twelve Oaks so long ago. While preparations are being made at the house, Scarlett is given the task of keeping Ashley at the mill until five o’clock. Although she is happy to spend time alone with Ashley, Scarlett no longer feels the intense passion they once shared. Now, she is content to be his friend. When she arrives at the mill, she learns that Ashley already knows about the party. He alludes to the barbecue at Twelve Oaks and reminisces about how much the world has changed since.
Ashley’s talk about his lost past makes Scarlett sad too. She thinks, “I was right when I said I’d never look back. It hurts too much, it drags at your heart […] That’s what’s wrong with Ashley. He can’t look forward anymore” (1190). Scarlett begins to weep, and Ashley puts his arms around her to comfort her. At that moment, his sister India arrives with Archie. The two are incensed to see what they interpret as an illicit romance. Scarlett leaves in a hurry. That night, she tries to beg out of attending the party, but Rhett forces her to dress and appear in public as a punishment. The rumored tryst with Ashley has aroused his own jealousy. To Scarlett’s surprise, Melanie receives her, signaling that she is still welcome in the Wilkes home. This has the effect of quelling unkind gossip.
Rhett sends Scarlett home alone and doesn’t return until much later. When he arrives, he is very drunk and accuses her of unfaithfulness. She tries to explain, but he won’t listen and becomes verbally abusive. While Rhett generally behaves as if nothing matters much to him, he seems deadly serious. He says, “We could have been happy, for I loved you and I know you, Scarlett, down to your bones, in a way that Ashley could never know you” (1208). Scarlett is shocked to hear this declaration, which is quickly followed by intense kisses that make her dizzy.
Rhett forcibly and roughly carries Scarlett upstairs to their bedroom for a sexual encounter. The following morning, she thinks, “[…] she had felt alive, felt passion as sweeping and primitive as the fear […] the night she fled Atlanta, as dizzy sweet as the cold hate when she had shot the Yankee” (1210). Scarlett is now convinced that Rhett really does love her, which puts him at her mercy.
By the time she starts her day, Rhett has already disappeared, and he doesn’t return until the following morning. Then, he reverts to his usual sardonic self and brushes off their encounter as if it were nothing. This dashes Scarlett’s hopes of controlling him: “He hadn’t changed, nothing had changed, and she had been a fool, a stupid, conceited, silly fool, thinking he loved her” (1213). Rhett then says he’s taking an extended trip to Charleston and New Orleans and that he’s taking Bonnie with him.
This is the first section of the novel in which Scarlett leaves the Atlanta area and is exposed to people who are quite different from the judgmental Old Guard. Her time in New Orleans allows her to feel accepted and appreciated by people who are less concerned with her pedigree than with her wealth and wit. Upon their return, both Scarlett and Rhett flout convention once again and set tongues wagging with their new mansion and nouveau riche friends, including Yankees and Republican politicians. While the novel mostly upholds the Lost Cause narrative, it also emphasizes the importance of not losing oneself in the past. Rhett and Scarlett earn the ire of the Old Guard for facing the future instead. They are willing to sacrifice a stance of moral superiority in exchange for material advantages.
Rhett’s indifference to the opinion of others changes after Bonnie’s birth and shifts the focus squarely to the theme of Pining for Lost Love. In this segment, Rhett transforms himself into a proper gentleman who courts the approval of the Old Guard for the sake of his daughter’s future social position. His motivation is twofold and relates to his own pining for love. After marrying Scarlett, Rhett masks his own feelings for fear of Scarlett’s rejection. Bonnie has become her surrogate, both giving and receiving the affection that Rhett craves and Scarlett withholds. His desire to ingratiate himself with the Old Guard is also an understated admission that he misses the traditions of his youth and wants to see Bonnie, Wade, and Ella included in the world of planter society.
While Rhett is pining quietly for love, Ashley and Scarlett verbally express their sorrow at the loss of the world they knew. When Scarlett weeps and Ashley comforts her, the misinterpretation of their actions leads to a new wave of social disapproval. This compromising scene also leads to a violent sexual encounter between Rhett and Scarlett. The novel frames this scene as a passionate rekindling of their romance that leaves Scarlett “dizzy,” particularly when Scarlett reflects on it the next morning and compares her feelings to how she felt when she shot the Yankee looter. However, Rhett is drunk and physically forces Scarlett to comply with his desire, constituting an act of marital rape, the gravity of which is not evident in the text. At the time the book was written, and through the 1990s in several US states, sexual assault within marriage was not recognized as an illegal act, nor an immoral one. Instead, the narrative focuses on Rhett’s admission that he loves his wife and pines for her love in return.
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