42 pages • 1 hour read
Lauren TarshisA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Summary
Background
Chapter Summaries & Analyses
Character Analysis
Themes
Symbols & Motifs
Important Quotes
Essay Topics
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Content Warning: This section of the guide contains depictions of the Holocaust and antisemitism.
It’s August 10, 1944, in Loda Forest, eastern Poland. Across Europe, Jewish people are being hunted, and 11-year-old Max Rosen is determined to survive. He thought he and his younger sister, Zena, would be safe in the forest, but now they are caught in a bombing attack. German planes roar overhead, dropping bombs that explode with devastating force. Trees are ablaze, and shards of wood and metal are flying in all directions. Soon, “soldiers with machine guns [will] stampede through the forest” (2), hunting people down. Max grips Zena’s hand as they run, but a strong explosion tears them apart, sending Max flying into a ditch. As he looks up, dazed, he sees a massive flaming tree crashing down toward him.
Three days earlier, in the Jewish ghetto of Esties, Poland, Max and Zena walk down a dark, filthy street. They are hungry and desperate: They haven’t eaten since the previous night, and they have no money, but they refuse to give up. Suddenly, two German soldiers appear, and the siblings quickly hide in a gutter. Max would like to hit them and chase them out of the town. The Nazis marched into Esties a year ago with their tanks, machine guns, and hatred. Hitler “told hideous lies, blaming Jews for every problem in the world” (5). The Nazis destroyed Jewish-owned businesses, including Max’s father’s shop. Two months after the invasion, they forced Jews into ghettos surrounded by barbed wire and Nazi guards. A month ago, they arrested Max’s father, Papa, and took him away. No one knows where, but there are rumors of prison camps. Alone with Zena in the ghetto, Max remembers Aunt Hannah’s words: “Do not let them take away your hope” (7).
Zena interrupts Max’s thoughts, grabbing his arm and pointing to a robin perched on the wire fence. She calls it a lucky bird, and Max notices a raspberry bush behind it. They rush to the fence, trying to reach the berries, but can’t. Max decides to squeeze under the fence despite Zena’s worry. He manages to grab a handful of berries. Suddenly, the robin flies away. Max turns to see a Nazi soldier looming over him. The soldier swings the rifle and smacks Max on the head.
The soldier marches Max along the road, away from the ghetto, toward the police station. A Nazi flag flies over the building, and Max is filled with terror. He is unsure of what the Nazis will do to him and terrified for Zena, left alone in the ghetto. He thinks back to happier times when he and Zena would play hide and seek with their father. The best days, however, were when Aunt Hannah joined in. Hannah is Papa’s sister, just 19 years old. She is unmarried and saving money to move to America, and she always felt like more of a friend than an aunt to Max. She had promised that they would go to America together, but “like everything else in Max’s world, the Nazis had shattered that dream” (12). Now, Max has no idea if Hannah is dead or alive. The last time he saw her was the night before they were forced into the ghetto, when she begged Papa to leave together. Papa refused, and Max felt as though Hannah had abandoned them without even saying goodbye. As they walk, Max hears a rustling sound coming from the bushes. Suddenly, Zena’s curly blonde head appears through the foliage. The soldier sees her and aims his rifle, ready to fire.
Max screams and throws himself at the soldier, knocking him down. The rifle flies out of his hand, and as it lands on a rock, it discharges, hitting the soldier in the leg. Stunned, Max watches the blood seep from the wound. The soldier crawls toward his rifle. Max grabs Zena’s hand, and they flee into the woods. They run without direction, but they don’t look back. The illustration on Page 19 shows the siblings running hand in hand through the trees. Eventually, Zena says she needs to rest, and Max decides they will hide in a nearby wheat field. Gasping for breath, they collapse in the grass. After a moment, Zena tells Max that they beat them. They are alive, not imprisoned or surrounded by barbed wire: “They’d fought their own battle against the Nazis. And they’d won” (20). For the first time, Max feels powerful.
Soon, however, Max goes back to worrying. They have no idea where to go. The Nazis have invaded every country around Poland, and no place is safe for Jews. It’s not just the German Nazis who wanted to harm them: Some people in Esties had sided with the Nazis. Max was shocked when even his friends began to discriminate against him, and when local police officers helped burn down the synagogue. His father had told him that people like that had small minds, suspicious of anything they didn’t understand.
Now, Zena rests her head on Max’s shoulder and falls asleep almost immediately. Max wraps his arm around her, holding her close, struggling to stay awake. Soon, he too falls asleep, and dreams of being together again with Zena, Papa, and Aunt Hannah. Suddenly, a man’s voice wakes him, ordering them to get up.
The first four chapters of I Survived the Nazi Invasion, 1944 set the stage for the novel by introducing the main characters, establishing the setting, and highlighting core themes. The protagonist, Max Rosen, is an 11-year-old boy who is determined to survive despite the hardships he faces: His mother died long ago, his father was arrested, and he now lives alone with his little sister in the Jewish ghetto of Esties, Poland. Max’s younger sister Zena relies on him for protection and guidance, and their bond is a driving force in the story. For example, when Max is taken away by a Nazi soldier, Zena follows him, refusing to let him go. Max throws himself at the soldier to save his sister and later, when they hide in the wheat field, he holds her close. An illustration on Page 19 visually captures their connection, showing them running hand in hand through the woods.
The characterization of Max and Zena conveys the theme of The Resilience and Resourcefulness of Children in Extreme Circumstances. Though they face constant danger, the siblings hold onto hope and refuse to give up. Early in Chapter 2, they haven’t eaten since the night before and have no money, but they refuse to despair. Max remembers the advice of his Aunt Hannah: “Do not let them take away your hope” (7). The robin the children see perched on a barbed-wire fence is a symbol of this hope, suggesting that even in bleak surroundings, there are glimpses of beauty and possibility. After they escape the soldier, rather than feeling defeated, the two siblings recognize their survival as a victory: “They’d fought their own battle against the Nazis. And they’d won” (20). This shows how, even in frightening circumstances, children find ways to keep believing in survival and hope.
Tarshis uses flashbacks throughout the chapters to provide a contrast between the siblings’ current situation and their happier past. This conveys the theme of The Impact of War on Individuals and Communities, while also educating young readers about World War II’s horrors. Aunt Hannah and Papa are central figures in these flashbacks. Aunt Hannah represents both hope and loss for Max. She had plans to escape to America and even spoke of bringing Max with her. However, “like everything else in Max’s world, the Nazis […] shattered that dream” (12). Her departure leaves Max feeling abandoned and hurt. Max’s father, Papa, also looms large in his memories. Max remembers the good times spent playing hide and seek with his father, and his teachings about prejudice and how “small-minded” people joined the Nazis. The contrast between joyful and grim childhood moments highlights how quickly life can change due to war.
I Survived the Nazi Invasion, 1944 features violent and stark imagery that conveys the horrors of war. The opening chapter sets the tone with a bombing attack that Max and Zena face in the forest. The description of flaming trees, shards of metal, and the chaos of falling bombs, amplified by the onomatopoeic “KABOOM!,” creates an immediate sense of danger. In Chapter 2, the portrayal of the ghetto where the children live creates a bleak atmosphere. The ghetto is compared to a jail, with crumbling buildings surrounded by barbed wire. The Nazi flag flying above the police station is described as “angry red with a black swastika—the twisted Nazi cross” (11), highlighting the violence of the regime.
The novel also educates its young readers about the historical context through simple, explanatory language. Tarshis introduces the background of the Nazis and Adolf Hitler’s rise to power in a way that is accessible to a younger audience. For instance, at the beginning of Chapter 2, the text explains that the Nazis are “killer soldiers of Adolf Hitler, Germany’s leader,” who “started a terrible war” (4). Tarshis also illustrates how the persecution of Jews wasn’t limited to German Nazis but also included locals who collaborated with them: Max reflects on how people in his town, became complicit in the Nazis’ terror.
By Lauren Tarshis