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36 pages 1 hour read

Stanislaw Lem

Solaris

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1961

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Chapters 10-14Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 10 Summary: “Conversation”

Kris meets with Snow to discuss Sartorius’s disruptor, with Sartorius’s new plan being to use an encephalograph to send Kris’s thoughts into the ocean—to convince it to stop sending visitors. Snow chides Kris for wanting to take Rheya to Earth, as it is not physically possible for her to leave. Though he consents to the experiment, Kris is determined to keep Rheya with him.

Chapter 11 Summary: “The Thinkers”

Sartorius and Snow strap Kris down and broadcast his brain waves to the ocean. Kris fears this will deprive him of Rheya. Chapter 11 also contains a lengthy reflection on the various schools of thought regarding Solaris. Kris notes there were “entire generations of scientists who believe that their observations were evidence of a conscious will, teleological processes and activity monitored by some inner need of the ocean” (166). While this is true, Kris notes that his dissertation in favor of Solaris’s potential intelligence was criticized.

Chapter 12 Summary: “The Dreams”

When six days pass with no clear response from Solaris, the researchers decide they will send Kris’s thoughts once more. This time, he experiences dreams in which he becomes alien matter, surrounded by pink globules that grant him knowledge. He is embraced by a woman, but it is not Rheya.

Two days later, Kris and Rheya encounter an inebriated Snow while eating. He comments on them and refers to Sartorius as a “reverse Faust,” someone attempting to solve immortality by destroying the visitors.

Chapter 13 Summary: “Victory”

Three weeks pass with no clear response from Solaris. Kris finds himself brooding over his inability to take Rheya to Earth. He notices she has become more withdrawn. One night, she gives him a glass of juice and insists he drink it. The juice contains a drug that causes Kris to sleep through the night.

When he wakes up the next morning, Kris realizes he has been drugged and that Rheya is not with him. He runs through the station calling for her and finds Snow in the medical cupboard. He demands to know where she is, and Snow says “Rheya is dead” (189). When Kris says she will come back, Snow informs him that since the last broadcast, his and Sartorius’s visitors stopped coming; Snow killed Rheya at her request. In a suicide note, Rheya explains her decision.

Eventually, the scientists discuss the report they must send to Earth. They realize it has been two months since Gibarian died. Resolute in his desire to leave the planet, Kris is stunned by Snow’s decision to remain on the station.

Chapter 14 Summary: “The Old Mimoid”

With their report submitted, Kris waits for a spaceship to bring him back to Earth. He meets with Snow, and they compare religious faiths and what they learned from Solaris’s ocean. Kris wishes to go to the ocean for the first time. He puts on an atmosphere suit and goes to the ocean. He interacts with a mimoid, toying with it as it creates and places a flower in his hand; it then loses interest in him. As Kris reflects on the ocean, he refers to its happenings as “cruel miracles” (204).

Chapters 10-14 Analysis

In terms of scientific research, the novel ends in a success. While 100 years of study have failed to gauge the sentience of Solaris—illustrating The Limitations of Human Intellect—Kris, Snow, and Sartorius achieve it and can prove it. However, their visitors have left them forever changed, feeling more like failures. This is perhaps truer for Kris than the others because of the nature of his wife’s death. Rather than ending the novel victorious, he interacts with the planet’s ocean for the first and last time, a part of him still longing for Rheya.

In Chapter 11, Lem recounts arguments over the nature and potential of Solaris. Like in Chapter 6, he describes researchers looking at the same material and coming to different conclusions—including Kris, who wrote of Solaris in a dissertation. Because Kris was willing to accept Solaris’s potential intelligence and mysteries, he attracted the attention of Gibarian and went on to study Solaris itself. In this position, he is able to demonstrate that the planet’s ocean is alive, aware, and responsive—and in doing so, proves his and others’ hypothesis.

As for the humanity of the story, it ends on a bittersweet, realistic note. Despite being inhuman, Rheya makes the ultimate sacrifice for a human she has come to love—demonstrating Humanity as a Saving Grace. The visitors are reflections of human emotions, illustrating the original Rheya’s importance to Kris. A product of his love and guilt, she gives herself up for Kris, echoing the original Rheya’s fate while leaving her own mark on him. Reinforcing the theme of Outer Space Versus Inner Space, she reflects Kris’s true desire, for as much as he loves her, her death could read as him wanting to move on from his guilt. On the other hand, Rheya’s death, an assisted suicide by Snow, could read as Kris being pushed to move on, having finally received a form of closure. Regardless, once he returns to Earth, he will live on knowing humanity more so than before—his and Rheya’s fates mirroring Gibarian’s and his visitor’s.

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