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Ernst JungerA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
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In October, Jünger is sent back to Flanders, where, in the village of Roeselare, he stays in a house abandoned by all but the housekeeper, her daughter, and an orphan girl they have taken in. When the artillery starts falling on the village and the little girl screams, Jünger calms her by turning on his flashlight. When passing through heavy fire to a nearby village, Jünger asks for directions from a soldier, who shrugs indifferently. Jünger pulls his gun:“It was the first time in the war that I’d come across an example of a man acting up, not out of cowardice, but obviously out of complete indifference” (195).
At the front, Jünger stays under fire for several days. He spends one night in a farmhouse because of rain; the next night he sleeps in the open, and the farmhouse is destroyed by artillery: “That’s the role of chance in war” (196). As an intelligence officer, Jünger is charged with updating enemy movements. He is often under fire and surrounded by exploding artillery, as the British force back the German lines: “In the time between the first distant whine and the very close explosion, one’s will to live was painfully challenged, with the body helpless and motionless left to its fate” (198).
The next morning, at the front, Jünger reunites briefly with Tebbe, one of his oldest friends, then decides to push forward to make his intelligence report. Crossing a swampy area, Jünger and his men are shot at by British soldiers:“As there was nowhere to take cover, we had no option but to run back, with the bullets plugging into the mud all around us” (200). The next day, continuing his reconnaissance, Jünger goes again to the front, where he sees “stretcher-bearers” (47) moving bodies unmolested by either side. On his return through the swamp, an irritant smell from British bombs accosts his senses. Afterward, Jünger reflects on the heavy losses, saying they were “appalling, especially of young officers” (202).
Although Jünger has described many times the kindnesses shown to him by civilians whose houses he has occupied, rarely has he mentioned any kindness he has shown toward them. In the village of Roeselare, Jünger mentions an orphan girl taken in by the housekeeper. It is the third time in the book he has mentioned a girl orphaned by war; the other two were both dead. Here, as the artillery shells knock out the light in the house, Jünger comforts the girl by turning on his “torch” (194). He speculates on the need for a place to call home, an especially poignant thought since neither the housekeeper, her daughter, nor the orphan have a home—nor does Jünger himself, as he is always being billeted in someone else’s house:“Here was proof again of man’s need for home. In spite of the huge fear these women had in the face of such danger, yet they clung fast to the ground which at any moment might bury them” (194).
Jünger could as easily be talking of the war here, how both sides fight over ground, the French and Flemish clinging to their own country despite the danger. He could also just as easily be talking about the men he sees later, dead in fields or devastated forests, all in the name of claiming land from the other side: “Here, behind a dishevelled hedge, lay a group of men, their bodies covered with the fresh soil that the explosion had dropped on them after killing them” (198). In this case, the explosion that killed them also buries them, the land they are fighting to defend covering them up like a grave. Jünger has mentioned several times over the course of the book places where, when digging, his men find the remains of other soldiers from years before. He even mentions the grave of the 1870 war and the Germans buried there, the metaphor here being that the land itself contains this idea of home. Men will defend it to their deaths, and then call it home forever.