65 pages • 2 hours read
Liz NugentA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Content Warning: This section of the guide includes descriptions of anti-gay bias, racism, ableism, misogyny, kidnapping, imprisonment, rape, sexual abuse, physical abuse, psychological abuse, and suicide. The illegal incineration of a corpse and drowning of a child are also described.
Sally lives with her father, Thomas Diamond, in a secluded area outside a small Irish village named Carricksheedy. No one has come to visit ever since the death of her mother, Jean, a couple of years ago. Thomas has been suffering from a prolonged decline in health. As a former psychiatrist, he insists that he not be buried and jokingly suggests that Sally simply take his body out with the trash. Sally does not understand that her father is joking, so when he dies, she attempts to honor what she believes to be his last wishes by burning his body in the trash incinerator. Sally has the same indifferent attitude toward corpses that her father had, viewing a dead body as no more than skin and bones and feeling no need for a funeral.
As a recluse, Sally prefers watching television shows to dealing with real people. School was always difficult for Sally, and when Sally’s school diagnosed her with autism, her father rejected this idea. Now, Sally is 42 years old, and children still refer to her as “Strange Sally Diamond” on the rare occasions that she ventures into town for groceries. Sally doesn’t mind being on her own, for her television programs and her imagination provide her with sufficient company. She doesn’t have to work because she receives government benefits.
When Sally was nine years hold, Thomas told her that he and his wife, Jean, are not her biological parents. They told her that they found her as an infant, alone in the forest. When she learned this, Sally was frightened by the idea that she might be some sort of changeling. When her mother died (a few years before the narrative present), Sally didn’t go to the funeral and stated that she didn’t even miss her mother. At the time, Thomas said that she was lucky and would “probably avoid heartache for [her] whole life” (10). These days, Sally is aware that she thinks differently than other people do, but this does not bother her.
In the days after Thomas’s death, Sally feels aimless because there is no one to talk to or look after. Sally finds the psychological notes and files that her father kept on her, but she doesn’t read them. When her father was still alive, he was concerned about Sally’s emotional detachment, particularly her inability to feel and to understand love. Sally believes that she loved both of her parents, but she isn’t sure. Five days after Thomas’s death, a neighbor named Ger McCarthy visits to inquire about the rancid smell in the air. He doesn’t know that Thomas Diamond has died. Sally goes out to the incinerator and realizes that she didn’t properly burn the body. She goes into town for her welfare check, and when she is given her father’s pension check, she explains that she doesn’t need it anymore because her father has died. The women at the post office, Mrs. Sullivan and Mrs. Kenny, are shocked because they have never heard Sally speak aloud. When they note that they didn’t see an obituary for Thomas, Sally admits that she cremated his body herself. Sally finds a large envelope that her father addressed to her, but she decides to wait nine days until her 43rd birthday before opening it. Suddenly, her mother’s old friend Angela knocks on the door.
Dr. Angela Caffrey was once a business partner of Sally’s mother, Jean. She has remained in contact with Sally after Jean’s death. Now, Angela asks about Thomas’s death, and Sally tells her about finding her father’s body one morning. When Angela keeps asking questions about the body, Sally realizes that Angela believes she has done something wrong by putting her father’s body in the incinerator.
Angela reads the letters that Thomas has left behind for Sally. She explains to Sally that she had to call the police because only the authorities can certify a death. She also tells Sally that the police will likely search the house and ask Sally a lot of questions. The letters are copious and contain vital information no one ever knew about Sally. However, Angela advises Sally to take her time in reading the letters. She also offers to help Sally when the police ask about Thomas’s death, especially because there is now no way for the police to confirm that Thomas died of natural causes.
When the police arrive, Angela makes copies of Thomas’s letters to Sally because they show proof that he had been in poor health toward the end of his life. Sally packs a bag of clothes to stay with Angela while the police complete their investigation. Sally can’t understand why the police seem so disgusted by her.
Sally settles into the house that Angela shares with her wife, Nadine, and their two dogs. (Sally is frightened of the dogs.) Today, she goes to the police station and is photographed and fingerprinted. Two detectives named Catherine Mara and Andrew Howard interview her, along with a solicitor named Geoff Barrington, who has been appointed to Sally.
The police ask her to repeat the story of her father’s death. They laugh and mock her desire to wait until her birthday before opening her father’s letters. They ask her about her birth parents, and Sally explains that the only thing she knows or remembers is that her parents adopted her from an agency when she was six years old. Angela picks Sally up from the station and warns her that she may be charged with a crime.
Sally spends a few days with Angela, then returns home. Geoff is confident that he will be able to get the charges dropped. Angela and Geoff arrange for Sally to receive some updates, such as proper garbage disposal and direct mail delivery. Sally is frequently disturbed by unannounced visitors who keep knocking on her door to ask her questions about her adoption.
Angela gives Sally the first few letters that Thomas wrote for her. In his first letter, he asks Sally to contact Angela in the event of his death. He reveals that he was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. He also asks to be buried in the graveyard of St. John’s Church. Sally calls Angela, who tells her that she has already started planning Thomas’s funeral at St. John’s. Sally insists that she attend the funeral, but Angela is worried about the public attention this will cause. She encourages Sally to avoid watching the news because her case has garnered national attention and emphasizes that Thomas’s letters will reveal true facts, not headlines.
A group of preteens bicycle into Sally’s yard. One of the teens, a girl, falls off her bike and hits her head. The others cycle away when they see Sally. Sally brings the girl, Abebi, into her house and tries to help her, but Abebi is afraid of Sally. While Sally lets the girl call her mother, the boys return for Abebi and throw a rock through Sally’s window. Abebi’s brother, Maduka, stays behind and apologizes for the rock. He and Abebi ask Sally if she killed her father. They commiserate with her about the rumors that have sprung up about her; as Black children who are often ridiculed at school because their race differs from that of the other students, they can identify with Sally’s sense of marginalization. Soon, their mother arrives to pick them up, and Sally wishes that she could learn more about Abebi and Maduka.
Angela comes over and chastises Sally for bringing the two children into her home. Sally doesn’t fully grasp how frightened the community is of her. Angela explains to Sally that her father was overprotective; as a result, Sally doesn’t know how to take care of herself. Angela explains how to call in a repairman for her broken window and points out that if Sally got along well with Abebi and Maduka, then perhaps she doesn’t dislike all people as much as she thinks she does.
Sally attends her father’s funeral. Police officers hold back a large crowd who want to catch a glimpse or take a photograph of Sally. Many mourners shake her hand, telling stories to explain how much her father meant to them. Abebi and Maduka attend the funeral with their parents. Their father, an immigrant from Nigeria, apologizes for the broken window. Abebi invites Sally to come to Abebi’s nativity play because Abebi has the starring role of the Virgin Mary. Sally asks Abebi’s parents if she can join them for Christmas. When Angela interferes in this awkward conversation, Sally explains that she is socially deficient.
Sally reads the next of her father’s letters. He explains to her that because new psychological studies change the field so often, there are a lot of diagnoses that Sally could have had in her lifetime, such as autism or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). He writes that there is nothing wrong with Sally; she is simply different. He apologizes for enabling Sally’s self-isolation and encourages her to sell their house to Ger McCarthy and find a smaller place in Carricksheedy so that she can try living near other people. He assures her, “In the outside world, you will find more people who are kind than people who are not” (47). Sally wonders why her father would bring up the possibility of PTSD at all.
Sally goes to the post office and tries to chat with the other people there. She meets a woman named Caroline, who politely asks what Sally will do for the Christmas holidays. When Sally tells her that she might stay with Nadine and Angela, Caroline warns Sally against spending time with lesbians. Sally asks the post office worker, Mrs. Sullivan, for the phone number and address of Abebi’s mother, Martha. Mrs. Sullivan gives Sally the address for Martha’s yoga studio, but not for her home.
Sally goes to Martha’s yoga studio. Martha asks her if she would like to sign up for yoga classes. Instead, Sally asks her if she can babysit Abebi and Maduka for free. Sally’s mother always wanted her to get a job, and Sally likes Abebi and Maduka. Martha thanks her but explains that she doesn’t need a baby-sitter. She also urges Sally to consider a different job and suggests that yoga will help Sally in many different ways.
Upon receiving mail one day, Sally decides to open all of it, which she usually avoids doing. She receives a note from her mother’s sister, Christine, wishing her well and inviting her to meet. She also receives some anonymous hate mail, as well as a letter from a former schoolmate named Stella who wishes Sally well. Stella mentions how beautifully Sally played the piano and apologizes for the hurt that was done to Sally at school. Sally also receives overtures from journalists who offer to tell her story. Sally wonders why so many people seem to know more about her past than she does. She opens a box sent to her by someone named “S” and finds her childhood teddy bear, Toby.
Sally is moved and comforted by the sight of her childhood teddy bear. There is something about Toby that is eerily familiar—a sensory memory that Sally can’t remember. The narrative also reveals that Sally has vivid dreams of a thin woman with long hair who feels familiar to her. Now, Sally calls her aunt, Christine, and asks what age her own earliest memories can be traced to. Sally admits that she wonders if something bad happened to her in her childhood because all her memories start at age seven, which seems unusual. Christine tells Sally that they should speak in person. When Christine arrives, she tells Sally the difficult story of her origins.
Christine relates that Sally’s birth mother, Denise, was kidnapped by a man when she was a child and was kept captive for 14 years. Sally asks Christine to stop telling the story until Angela can come over and help explain things. While they wait for Angela, Christine helps Sally clean Toby. When Christine finds out that Toby was sent to Sally by someone named “S,” she panics. When Angela arrives, she and Christine tell Sally that she shouldn’t have touched Toby because he could be considered evidence. They examine the box in which Toby was sent and learn that it came from New Zealand. Angela instructs Sally to read her father’s last letter.
From the very beginning of the novel, the inherent “strangeness” of the protagonist is emphasized in ways that highlight her inherent lack of understanding of mainstream social nuances. For Sally, incinerating Thomas’s body is symbolic of her devotion to her father’s wishes, and as a narrative device, the incident also demonstrates her tendency to take everything literally. Because Thomas jokingly told her to take his body out with the trash, Sally follows his instructions to the letter out of respect for him. As a person who has difficulty understanding dark humor or social nuance, she believes that she is honoring his wishes. However, with this unintended violation of the social code, Sally becomes famous for her error, and thus, the aftermath of her father’s death stands as the inciting incident that arouses widespread interest in her existence, thereby setting the darker elements of the plot in motion. The author also uses these opening chapters to raise a wealth of unanswered questions around the reasons for Sally’s behavior and the nature of her childhood, thereby implying that The Quest for Identity will become a central part of the story.
As Sally’s honest mistake becomes the central characterization of her public-facing persona, she becomes nationally famous for being strange, and this unwanted attention exacerbates her tendency to rely upon Isolation as a Survival Tactic. Sally doesn’t feel that there is anything wrong with her, but because she is keenly aware of her differences, she actively avoids mingling in the local community and instead spends her time in isolation. Thus, her differences have kept her away from people, work, and meaningful hobbies. Even before the start of the narrative, she has spent decades inside her house with her family, watching TV and not thinking past her immediate needs. When her father’s death forces her out into the world, it becomes clear that Sally’s so-called “strangeness” is a self-fulfilling prophecy; the more she stays away from society, the less she understands how to find her place within it, and the less willing the community is to welcome her. Given this dynamic, secondary characters like Angela and Christine are crucial to bridging the gap between Sally and the outside world as she struggles to take belated charge of her life and branch out beyond her self-imposed boundaries.
The judgment that Sally receives from the world is indicative of the ways in which society, which is built on unspoken rules and social norms, often rejects people who deviate from those norms. Sally is judged harshly for attempting to burn her father’s body, but the underlying reason for the community’s judgment is much harsher and uglier. While Sally’s mishandling of her father’s death stands as the overt reason for her new level of ostracization, the town’s unspoken rejection of her is actually based in the collective rejection of her behavioral differences, which are essentially harmless even if they do deviate from what is expected. Marginalized by her own community, it is only logical that Sally finds hints of solidarity and companionship among other marginalized people who can understand what she is going through because they face similar forms of ostracization. For example, many of the townspeople judge Angela harshly for being gay just as they exhibit racist attitudes toward the Adebayo family, especially the children. Thus, Nugent uses these key interactions to provide a sharp social critique of the many ways in which society shuns those it perceives to be different. Nugent’s criticism of a society that is ableist, racist, and prone to anti-gay bias becomes clear as Sally struggles to navigate the vitriol and cruelty of both the national media and her neighbors.
As the narrative intertwines Sally’s reputation for strangeness with The Quest for Identity that now consumes her, it soon becomes clear that she has long dealt with her differences through nontraditional means, starting with the way she became a part of the Diamond family. Her first myth about her identity is her childhood belief that she is a changeling, a baby found in the forest. In Irish mythology, a changeling is a human-like creature that is characterized by an odd physical experience, uncanny mannerisms, unusual behavior, and an unusually high level of intelligence. Changelings are mythological creatures that embody many symbols and meanings. Historically, the changeling myth provided people with an explanation for children that were either sickly or odd; thus, the myth served as a way to excuse the behavior of certain individuals during a time frame when learning and behavioral differences were largely unknown. However, just as the changelings of myth represent a reminder of an unseen world that humans find to be threatening and unknown, Sally’s presence also represents a similar threat to the people in her society who choose to fear her. Her radical uniqueness, her different perceptions of the world, and her tendency to challenge the status quo mark her as irredeemably “other” in the eyes of many prejudiced and ableist people in her town: a factor that greatly hinders The Quest for Identity that she is desperately trying to achieve.
Among her many behavioral differences, Sally is also characterized by her ability to get along with children, for she readily accepts Abebi and Maduka as peers, taking an instant liking to them that contrasts sharply with her inherent distrust of adults. While her desire to be around them seems strange to people, Abebi and Maduka also accept Sally once they get over their initial learned fear of her. Sally’s inherent sense of connection with children suggests that at heart, she is herself just as innocent as a child. Despite the nation’s belief that she is somehow an evil person, she is in fact the opposite, for she is uncorrupted and good to her core. Abebi and Maduka’s burgeoning friendship with Sally also foreshadows a new chapter in Sally’s life in which she will make more of an effort to integrate fully into the community.
From a stylistic standpoint, Nugent’s use of unreliable first-person narrators is a key aspect of the ever-increasing tension in the narrative. Because Sally doesn’t have a nuanced understanding of her surroundings and the events that occur, the author forces her audience to seek out context clues and make inferences about the deeper meanings behind certain details and events. For example, because Sally only has an incomplete understanding of her origins, the author denies readers information that other characters clearly have about the truth of Sally’s childhood. Even though the national news has widely disseminated the story of Sally’s upbringing, Nugent keeps these details hidden, revealing them only through a series of flashbacks as the main plotline progresses. In accordance with this pattern, Nugent first provides hints of Sally’s dark past in the final chapter of Part 1 as the arrival of her long-lost teddy bear inspires unexplained consternation amongst her few friends and relatives. As the sight of the bear sparks a sense memory that Sally has long repressed, the author implies that Sally is psychologically repressing traumatic memories, and this development introduces the theme of The Impact of Trauma on Development, which will be further explored as the story progresses.