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59 pages 1 hour read

Kate Chopin

The Awakening

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1899

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Chapters 10-14Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 10 Summary

As the guests make their way from the party down to the beach, Robert does not walk with Edna, but between the two lovers, and this surprises Edna. Robert does not spend nearly as much time with her, and she is wondering what might be the reason for it.

Most people from the crowd walk into the water immediately, without thinking much about it; the sea is quiet and inviting. Edna, despite taking swimming lessons from the other guests, still does not know how to swim. Every time she tries to swim, she feels an uncontrollable fear that only goes away if close by there is someone who can reach her.

That night, however, she suddenly feels strong enough to walk into the sea, and the other beach-goers applaud as they watch her swim. Edna does not stay with the group, and instead swims alone, for the first time feeling an ability “to control the working of her body and her soul” (70). Empowered, Edna wants to swim out “where no woman had swum before” (71), and she regrets that she has discovered the simplicity of this act just now. Yet when she turns her head, it suddenly occurs to her how far she is from the shore. She immediately grows anxious about not being strong enough to swim back completely alone. She manages to get to the shore; once there, Edna quickly dresses and leaves, ignoring the words of her husband and other beach-goers, who are asking her to stay.

Robert soon catches up with Edna, though she doesn’t seem surprised and only asks him if he thought she was scared to go home unaccompanied in the middle of the night. Robert replies that he knew she wasn’t afraid and doesn’t know what exactly made him run after her. Edna tries to explain to Robert the flood of new experiences she has had, but she cannot articulate her overwhelming emotions. Robert is trying to show Edna that he understands how she feels by telling her a made-up story about a spirit that seeks a mortal person that would be worthy to visit the other world, but Edna does not grasp the metaphor. Finally, at her guesthouse, Edna retreats to her hammock. Robert asks if he could stay until Mr. Pontellier comes back from the beach. She allows him to stay but neither of them speak a word to each other. Although silent, Edna and Robert are overwhelmed with feelings. The narrator remarks that “[n]o multitude of word could have been more significant than these moments of silence, or more pregnant with the first-felt throbbings of desire” (77). When they hear the voices of the approaching bathers, Robert says good-night and, without hearing Edna’s answer, leaves.

Chapter 11 Summary

Léonce returns and urges Edna to go to bed, since it is already past one 1 a.m. She tells him not to wait for her, because she will stay outside in the hammock. Léonce goes into their room and every sound that comes from there indicates how irritated he is with her stubbornness. It occurs to Edna that since they got married, she has been totally obedient to her husband, and never even considered the option of disagreeing with him. Yet now she feels so empowered that she cannot fathom how she could have been so submissive before. She tells Léonce to go back to bed, but instead, he sits on the porch, smoking cigars and drinking wine, which he offers to Edna and which she refuses. Right before dawn, Edna finally becomes sleepy and retires into the house. She asks her husband if he’s ready for bed; he responds that he will go inside after he finishes his cigar.

Chapter 12 Summary

Edna sleeps only for a few “troubled and feverish hours,” (82) and wakes up early in the morning. While almost all vacationers are still asleep, Edna, as well as the lady in black and the two lovers, along with a few other people, are about to board the boat to the island of Chênière Caminada, for Sunday church service. Edna asks one of Madame Lebrun’s servants to wake Robert so that he can join her. This is the first time that Edna directly asks for Robert’s company. Nevertheless, neither Edna nor Robert finds this situation unusual. When Robert comes and sees Edna, his face is “suffused with a quiet glow” (83).

Once they board the boat, Robert begins a conversation with a young Spanish girl named Mariequita. Having noticed that Edna is looking at her, Mariequita asks Robert if Edna is his sweetheart. They both talk in Spanish and Edna cannot understand them. Robert only replies that she is a married woman with two children. Robert soon shifts his attention to Edna and no longer notices Mariequita. He proposes that they visit other nearby islands while they are vacationing at Grand Isle. They make tentative plans and joke about the treasures they will find and then fritter away together. Upon arriving, they all go together into the little Gothic church for the service.

Chapter 13 Summary

During the mass, Edna feels drowsy and distressed. Another time she might have tried to calm herself, but this time she only wanted to leave the stuffy church and go outside. She walks out of the church, with Robert following behind. He suggests that she goes to the house of Madame Antoine, a native of the Chênière. After Madame Antoine warmly receives Edna and accommodates her in one of her rooms, Edna undresses herself almost completely and washes up at a basin. She stretches out in a high, white bed that Madame Antoine has prepared, and has a new affection for her arms, “as if [they] were something she saw for the first time, the fine, firm quality and texture of her flesh” (93). Soon afterward, she falls asleep and when she awakens, glowing and full of energy, she sees that there is no one in the cottage but Robert, who sits outside in the garden, reading a book. Edna feels as if she has slept for years and jokes that there must be a new race now and that they are the only remaining members of their race. Waking up very hungry, Edna devours the dinner that Robert has prepared. Robert says he has promised to bring her back in a boat that Madame Antoine’s son, Tonie, owns, and that they should go before the sun is gone. Edna does not seem to want to hurry back home. Madame Antoine tells Robert and Edna amusing stories while they sit under a tree and listen. Only after the sun has long set do they step into a boat and return home.

Chapter 14 Summary

When Edna returns, Adèle tells her that Edna’s younger son, Etienne, has been misbehaving and refuses to go to bed, while his older brother, Raoul, has been in bed for two hours. Edna takes Etienne and lulls him to sleep. Adèle also tells her that at first Léonce was worried when Edna did not return from the island after mass, but he calmed down after Monsieur Farival assured him that Edna was merely resting at Madame Antoine’s and that Madame Antoine’s son would bring her home when she wakes up. After Monsieur Farival persuaded him not to cross the bay to get her himself, Léonce went to the club on business. Having reported all this to Edna, Adèle leaves for her own cottage, hating to leave her husband alone. Robert helps Edna put Etienne to bed and bids her goodnight. Before he leaves, Edna remarks that they have been together all day. Sitting alone on the porch and waiting for Léonce to return, Edna is contemplating an inexplicable transformation she has undergone during her stay at Grand Isle this summer. Since she is not tired, she assumes that Robert must not be tired, either, and she wonders why he decided to go, instead of staying with her. She regrets that he is not with her and sings to herself the song Robert had sung as they crossed the bay coming back from Chênière—“Ah! Si tu savais,” which translates to Ah! If only you knew (103).

Chapters 10-14 Analysis

Edna’s first attempt to swim on her own constitutes one of the most important stages in her transformation process. It symbolizes her empowering self-discovery and a new awareness of her body. Edna has had troubles learning how to swim because of her fear to face the water alone, and because of her need to have “a hand nearby that might reach out and reassure her” (70). Here, swimming symbolizes her fear to face the real world alone, to live independently and not rely on anyone. In many ways, Victorian law treated women as dependent minors, and they were granted their rights first as children, through their father, and then as wives, through their husbands, so they were hardly given a chance to act independently. Edna’s swim far into the water by herself represents her willingness to break free of these long-standing social constraints. She feels a new confidence in her own solitude, and acquires a new realization of her emotional and physical needs.

When Edna enters the water on the evening of the party, she looks like a “little tottering, stumbling, clutching child, who […] walks for the first time alone” (70). When she finally feels confident swimming out alone she says to herself, “Think of the time I have lost splashing about like a baby!” (71). Chopin brings to the fore the metaphor of growth to describe Edna’s metamorphosis, emphasizing that although she has outgrown infancy, she is still a child. This is manifest in the dread she feels when she realizes that she must depend only on herself to swim back to the shore. Although Edna is undergoing a process of transformation, she is ambivalent: she defies societal expectation by swimming out alone, yet she retains a childlike fear of self-reliance.

Edna’s sense of self-determination is tested when Léonce comes back to their guest house and commands that Edna must go to bed. Still empowered by her swim, Edna refuses to obey Léonce for the first time since they got married. She even reproaches him for his commanding tone, and warns him that if he speaks like this to her again, she will not answer him. Eventually, her physical exhaustion deflates her raised spirit, foreshadowing how her circumstances will deflate her aspirations to independence. As Edna goes to bed, it’s clear that she is no longer as rebellious as before, and the conventional structure of relations between her and Léonce is restored. Léonce, by outlasting Edna’s defiance and by saying that he will go to bed not with her but when he finishes his cigar, proves that he has the upper hand in their family.

At this stage of her awakening, Edna’s will to go against societal conventions is not paired with the courage she needs to withstand the consequences of her newly-acquired sense of independence. The episode with the late night swim and her interaction with Léonce when they are back at the cottage brings to the fore the dangerous incongruity between her desire and her fortitude. Although she wants to act independently and attempts to do so, first by swimming out by herself and then by disobeying Léonce, she is unable to sustain the courage that propelled her to rebellion.

The refrain of the song first sung by Robert on the boat and later by Edna—“Ah! Si tu savais”—serves as a warning and as an intrigue: neither character is aware of what will happen as a result of Edna’s metamorphosis.

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