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61 pages 2 hours read

Muriel Barbery

The Elegance of the Hedgehog

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2006

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Part 3Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 3: “Summer Rain”

Part 3, Chapter 1 Summary: “Clandestine”

Renée’s package is a gift from Kakuro; it’s an edition of Anna Karenina. At first, she is shocked she’s been found out, but quickly she feels her essence is replaced with a new inexplicable layer. She writes Kakuro a polite but brief thank you note, but immediately regrets it. She feels that she should have written a note that made her appear confused or uninterested instead, but when she goes to retrieve her note, she sees that Kakuro’s assistant has already retrieved his mail. Three days later, someone rings her doorbell.

Part 3, Chapter 2 Summary: “The Great Work of Making Meaning”

Kakuro pays a visit to Renée and asks her to have dinner with him and discuss their shared interests. Renée searches her mind for an excuse not to attend.

Part 3, Chapter 3 Summary: “Beyond Time”

Kakuro’s invitation makes Renée feel exposed, a similar feeling as when she was a child and found herself entranced by her teacher’s snow globe. She feels something inside of her move beyond time.

Part 3, Chapter 4 Summary: “Spiders’ Webs”

Manuela advises Renée to buy a new dress for her dinner with Kakuro.

Part 3, Chapter 5 Summary: “Of Lace and Frills and Flounces”

Renée worries over having to shop for a dress since she usually only orders clothing. Manuela brings Renée a dress her seamstress friend gave to her. The dress belongs to a woman who died recently, so no one else will likely claim the dress. Renée is reluctant to wear a dead woman’s dress, but Manuela thinks she’s being silly about it.

Part 3, Interlude 1 Summary: “Journal of the Movement of the World No. 4”

The diarist writes about her school’s choir recital. She admires how, despite every individual’s strife and joys in life, everything falls away when a chorus sings in harmony. She wonders if songs are movements of the world because in a song she feels the sublime.

Part 3, Chapter 6 Summary: “Just a Trim”

Renée goes to a hairdresser. She is surprised to see how much she likes her haircut. She gets dressed for her dinner with Kakuro.

Part 3, Chapter 7 Summary: “The Vestal Virgin in Her Finery”

Manuela visits Renée to check her out before the dinner. She tells her about officially quitting one of her other employers for Kakuro, which makes Renée worry that eventually Manuela will move back to Portugal.

Part 3, Interlude 2 Summary: “Profound Thought No. 12”

The diarist worries that her plan to kill herself in a fire might endanger Kakuro. Kakuro invites her and her best friend Marguerite to tea. She loves Marguerite because she’s not superficial or wild like the other teens at their school, and Marguerite is witty and interesting. They discuss love and fate. At tea with Kakuro, Marguerite and the diarist meet Kakuro’s five year old great-niece Yoko. The diarist loves that she can’t predict Yoko’s future. This makes her wonder if she is prematurely planning suicide when she doesn’t truly know what the future holds in store for her.

Part 3, Chapter 8 Summary: “Saints Alive”

Renée nervously makes her way to Kakuro’s apartment for dinner.

Part 3, Chapter 9 Summary: “Dull Gold”

In Kakuro’s apartment, Renée is struck by a beautiful still-life painting hanging on the wall. She loves still life paintings and has studied them. This one is by one of her favorite Dutch artists. Kakuro tells her it is a not an original, and she mulls over several responses that would obscure her knowledge and intelligence, but she simply tells him it is lovely.

Part 3, Chapter 10 Summary: “What Congruence?”

Renée contemplates the effect of art on the human mind and heart. Despite the different periods and cultures that create art, there is something in good art that is universal. She wonders if this because artists can make the ordinary seem sublime.

Part 3, Chapter 11 Summary: “Existence Without Duration”

Her contemplations about art send Renée on a tangent about human desire. Good art inspires people to crave something, but what? Renée acknowledges human desire while decrying the human need to constantly want more. She calls art “emotion without desire” (200).

Part 3, Interlude 3 Summary: “Journal of the Movement of the World No. 5”

The diarist’s mother takes the diarist to see her psychologist, whose name is Dr. Theid. Her mother is concerned by her habit of hiding, which the diarist doesn’t see a problem with—she simply wants solitude to write in her journal. When her father had asked her why she hides, she joked that she hears voices in her head, which set her parents into a frenzy. Her mother joins her for the session. The diarist finds it hard to take Dr. Theid seriously and makes jokes that go over his head. Eventually, Dr. Theid grows annoyed with her, which makes her pleased at first, but sad later because she realizes that she exposed the doctor’s ugly side, and she doesn’t want to see the ugly parts of life.

Part 3, Chapter 12 Summary: “A Wave of Hope”

Renée admires the décor of Kakuro’s apartment. He ushers her into the kitchen, where he is cooking. Renée is unfamiliar with Japanese cuisine. She wonders if Kakuro has invited her only because he isn’t familiar with Western customs of hierarchy.

Part 3, Chapter 13 Summary: “Tiny Bladder”

Renée is embarrassed that she has to use the bathroom. She summons her courage and finds a way to ask for the bathroom. Kakuro doesn’t seem at all embarrassed and directs her to the bathroom. Renée wonders if everything couldn’t always be this simple.

Part 3, Interlude 4 Summary: “Journal of the Movement of the World No. 6”

The diarist goes shopping with her mother. Her mother gets in an argument with another shopper who claims the underwear her mother wants. The argument is embarrassing, and it makes the diarist wonder about how people can degrade themselves to such pettiness and forget themselves completely in a moment.

Part 3, Chapter 14 Summary: “How Much for One Roll?”

Renée admires the simplicity and consonance of Kakuro’s bathroom. As she flushes the toilet, a cacophony erupts, and she worries that she’s done something wrong. However, after a moment, she realizes that the new noise is the sound of a piece of classical music, the Confutatis of Mozart’s Requiem. Kakuro sees her alarm and explains that it’s common in Japan to set up a piece of music that plays with the flushing of a toilet. Without stopping to consider that it will undue all her work to convince Kakuro of her stupidity, she mentions that the Requiem is a surprising selection to play when a toilet flushes. They both erupt in laughter at the oddness of the situation.

Part 3, Chapter 15 Summary: “A Very Civilized Noble Savage”

Renée insists that her life is banal, but Kakuro claims that a concierge who listens to Mozart and reads Leo Tolstoy lives a different life. They debate Dutch and Italian art while he teaches her how to eat Japanese food, and she notes that she is very comfortable sharing these conversations with Kakuro. She apologizes for her clumsiness and calls herself a savage, to which Kakuro says she must be a “very civilized noble savage” (218). Kakuro notes their similarities: They both have cats named after Leo Tolstoy and his literature, they both love Dutch painting, and they both live in the same place. Renée admits that she doesn’t want people knowing these more intellectual parts of her because she understands that “[n]o one wants a concierge who gives herself airs” (219). She finds it incredible that the son of a diplomat and the daughter of impoverished peasants could be enjoying dinner and conversation together. They discuss Yasujiro Ozu, the film director to which Renée had previously wondered if Kakuro was related—he is, distantly. Renée brings up a film about Kyoto, which Kakuro hasn’t seen in a while. They agree to watch it together later in the week. They talk well into the night, but Renée must get some sleep because she works in the morning. When she goes home, she realizes she has made a friend.

Part 3, Chapter 16 Summary: “And Then”

Renée notes the summer rain.

Part 3, Chapter 17 Summary: “A New Heart”

Summer rain brings up a plethora of sensory memory for Renée. For Renée, summer rain is evidence of the sublime. It takes her out of her body and astounds her.

Part 3, Chapter 18 Summary: “Gentle Insomnia”

Renée spends two hours struggling to sleep, then falls into a peaceful sleep.

Part 3, Interlude 5 Summary: ‘Profound Thought No. 13”

Colombe tells the diarist what she’s learned about bees after a trip to Italy. She tries to shock the diarist with explanations about how bees copulate, but the diarist can see through Colombe’s story—Columbe is trying to seem liberated by talking about sex so freely, but it only reveals that she doesn’t truly understand the significance of nature and the fact that humans are included as animals. The diarist decides that the only thing to do is find purpose and accomplish that purpose before death.

Part 3 Analysis

In Part 3, subtitled “Summer Rain,” Barbery writes shorter chapters to increase the drama of the action.

The action is significant because it takes Renée, and by extension the reader, into the world Renée is so introspective about. It takes Barbery several chapters to get Renée from her apartment to Kakuro’s for dinner, and the chapters of her careful preparation and summoning her courage to go to the dinner reveals Renée’s social anxiety. She is unaccustomed to being invited anywhere, much less by one of her wealthy employers. The invitation is monumental in Renée’s solitary and lonely life. It proves that people do notice her and are interested in her. It shows her that there is something about her that people can be drawn to despite her own opinions about her role in society based on her social status and looks.

The dinner in Kakuro’s apartment is a success because their connection is natural and based in a kindred spirit of literature, art, and thought. Renée appreciates the aesthetic of his apartment, which she believes symbolizes his Eastern understandings of how to use space. Renée notes the “consonance” in Kakuro’s apartment. Consonance is the compatibility between opinions or actions, but it is also often used in music to describe harmony. The harmony in Kakuro’s apartment characterizes him as peaceful, in touch with the world, and appreciative of the small things that, when combined well, create a beautiful whole. This harmony also echoes the consonance between Renée and Kakuro, two different people whose differences create harmony. Another example of this harmony between Renée and Kakuro is, humorously, the toilet flusher. The toilet flusher is connected to a recording of Mozart’s Requiem, a piece of classical music that has origins in a story about strangers, much like Kakuro and Renée. Mozart wrote his Requiem for a stranger who commissioned him to write a song about his patron without revealing the identity of the patron. This story highlights the exciting mystery of people and asks important questions about how people get to know each other.

Renée notes the strangeness of the son of a diplomat having dinner with a peasant’s daughter. For Kakuro, socio-economic class does not inform his compassion for others. However, crucial to this statement is Renée’s internalization of social norms. Growing up poor, she learned that poor people and rich people simply do not mix. The behavior of her employers has confirmed this over the years, but Renée is wrong about these social boundaries. Renée acts as a humanist, but all her philosophical reading encourages breaking down boundaries, not reinforcing them. Therefore, her natural chemistry with Kakuro proves that Renée has been wrong about the potential of people to see her and be seen by her on a human level. Barbery’s class commentary here is that people of all social classes focus on that their prescribed identity, even when they try not to believe in superficial, society-constructed borders.

After dinner with Kakuro, Renée hears the rain and is transported into transcendent sense memories and feelings of elation. This rain is the subtitle of the section, emphasizing the symbolic importance of the rain. In literature, rain is often utilized as a symbol of melancholy, gloominess, and sadness. However, rain is temporary, so the literary symbolism of rain can also imply a foreshadowing of brighter moods to come. In this case, Barbery symbolizes rain as an out-of-body experience akin to the sublime. Renée is moved by the rain, emphasizing her connection to nature and her access to layered depths of her memories and moods. That the rain comes after her dinner with Kakuro heightens the importance of the night and implies that, like her experience with the rain, her connection with Kakuro is transcendent.

Kakuro is the important glue that connects Renée and the diarist. Both the diarist and Renée find Kakuro interesting for the same reasons, and his ease with both implies that he too senses a kinship with them. If Kakuro and Renée develop a friendship, and Kakuro and the diarist develop a friendship, then the reader is set up with the expectation that Renée and the diarist will also come together and discover their similar introspective souls.

While Renée experiences the sublime thanks to the rain, the diarist also experiences her own version of the sublime. Despite the disparities between her and her classmates, she finds their voice joining as one during their choir recital. The music and the power of all their voices in harmony (in consonance) makes her feel that she is experiencing the sublime. The sublime is a state of being in which a human sees themselves as small in comparison with the wondrous, awesome, and terrifyingly beautiful world around them. In literature, the sublime is traditionally found in novels that place characters in immense natural surroundings that both intimidate and inspire. However, Barbery demonstrates that the sublime can be found in smaller ways, such as a school choir recital or the sound of the rain. This parallels Renée’s embracing of the beauty in small things.

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