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Guy SajerA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
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As Soviet forces pour into Romania, Sajer and his unit end up back at Lodz, where they see the new Volkssturm soldiers, many of whom are young boys or old men. Upon assembling the new unit, they also come across some familiar veterans, and they learn how desperate things are becoming on the home front. They move from Poland into East Prussia (a historic region of eastern Germany, today split between Germany and Poland), and the troops try to summon the courage to fight on, having faced death so many times that they are ready to accept it. They receive yet another inspirational speech from an officer, much to their irritation. These speeches about the defense of the fatherland ring hollow as Soviet forces crash into German territory, prompting still more retreats in the bitter cold. Sajer joins a unit defending against tanks, but they have no anti-tank guns. In desperation, Sajer begs a fellow soldier to shoot him dead, but the man refuses. When they are on the brink of utter despair, German reinforcements arrive to deliver a crushing counterattack. They have to retreat a few days later, but do so in relative safety.
The retreating troops are now joined by civilians fleeing the Soviet onslaught, which creates a whole host of responsibilities and difficulties for the soldiers. They are ordered to break through the Soviet line and establish a front at Memel, finding a city in ruins and packed with refugees. By defending a narrow front, Sajer and his fellow soldiers are able to inflict heavy losses, and against all odds they hold the line. They receive orders to attack, and while the Soviets are at first knocked back, there are too many of them, and “soon half our tanks were on fire” (419), covering their escape route with wreckage. They are able to hold the town a little longer, and most of the civilians are able to flee by ship. Pushed beyond the brink by terror and exhaustion, “men who could pray could hope, and for so many hope was dead—so they howled their prayers. In any case, it was too late” (423). Military evacuations begin as Soviet bombers commence yet another run, and Sajer loses all sense of time as the days drag on. They conduct daring forays against the Soviet position, frequently changing positions and holding on to “a small island of courage drawn from an infinity of anguish” (431). A ship arrives, but only to pick up surplus supplies. In constant contact with enemy soldiers, often separated by nothing but a thin fog, they decide that they must escape and create a makeshift raft, but it will not support their weight. On another foggy night, they hear German voices from an unexpected corner and are stunned to realize that a boat has come for them. They rush into the water, nearly drowning, and they are pulled onto the boat and dropped off with other refugees at Pillau.
They stay at Pillau for three weeks, still in shock from their experiences at Memel but needed to deal with the overwhelming refugee problem. Sajer’s unit has been shattered, but he still has friends, including his beloved Hals. They soon receive orders to withdraw even further toward the city of Danzig (now Gdansk in Poland), where efforts were underway to relocate refugees. Using a makeshift crutch from a foot injury, Sajer and his friends take refuge in a cellar, hearing from other soldiers that departing ships full of refugees have been sunk. After a few weeks of regaining strength, they are reassigned to what is left of the Gross Deutschland Division, but the Russian onslaught forces them to keep moving westward. Sajer is suddenly swept up in a battle with Soviet tanks on city streets, grabbing a Panzerfaust and fending off the tank nearest to him. The battle does not slow the advance for long, but it does clear a path for civilian evacuations. They focus on evacuating civilians, often withstanding Soviet aerial attacks as they do so, but once again they are summed for embarkation and are able to escape the Red Army via the water.
With Russian air power still pounding down on them, Sajer and his fellow soldiers await debarkation for a few days, and are dropped in German-occupied Denmark. Initially overjoyed to eat pastries, they soon reconnect with a unit, and learn that “the West” for which they had been fighting “was the other half of the vise tightening on our misery” (454). Sajer is especially upset to learn that a French army is now fighting Germany on European soil. Moving near the Elbe River, they encounter British forces for the first time. Soon, they are surrounded by British half-tracks, and Sajer and Hals surrender together. The Americans humiliate them, forcing them to fight for scraps littered on the ground. Sajer is interrogated and tells the allied officer that he is French. They tell him they will not keep him detained, since he has been conscripted into fighting for having a German mother. He is told to go home and forget everything.
On the train, Sajer tries without success to find Hals, “my only friend in a hostile world” (461). Back in France, he realizes that what has happened to him is completely at odds with a new and more peaceful life in the countryside. Throwing himself to the ground at the sight of a plane, he decides to take a nap, and upon waking sees an old woman—his mother, who at first does not notice him. He then calls out to her, and she faints. He joins the French army, and his parents forbid him from ever talking about his experiences. Before his discharge, he takes part in a parade in Paris, thinking of his dead comrades and remembering those, like Hals and Paula, whom he can only hope are still alive, and who will remain alive within his memory.
As much as Sajer deplored the vastness of the Russian space, the confinement and crush of Memel is the final straw in his attempt to find Hope in the Face of Death. While there has been no shortage of terror, revulsion, and exhaustion, Memel is a place out of space and time: “How long were we there? For how many lifetimes? It is no longer possible to say, and the world will never know. Memel had become the summit of my life, the ultimate peak, with only the infinite beyond it” (425). Sajer may survive the war, but he dies a spiritual death at Memel, and the rest of the story is anticlimactic. Upon transfer to the Western Front, he is captured almost immediately, in circumstances far less dire than many he has escaped. He meekly joins the French army, and returns home without any sense of what his life will be. Hope is gone because even though he lives, there is nothing to live for except holding the legacy of the past.
The final section of the book returns to the theme of Coming of Age in Wartime. In a book rife with battles, hardships, and tragedies, the final series of battles at Memel completes Sajer’s tragic arc from idealistic youth to canny veteran to a man thoroughly defined by his traumas. Remarkably, the closing pages of the book are one of the only times when someone else reacts to Sajer’s transformation. When he sees his mother, she at first does not recognize him, and then faints immediately upon realizing who he is. Her shock confirms the drastic nature of Sajer’s transformation. Sajer’s case is a relatively fortunate one by the end—he is taken prisoner and treated in a mocking but not particularly cruel fashion, especially compared to the horrors he witnessed on the Eastern Front. He is released promptly and returns to a home relatively unscathed by bombing or occupation.