logo

85 pages 2 hours read

Chris Rylander

The Fourth Stall

Fiction | Novel | Middle Grade | Published in 2011

A modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more. For select classroom titles, we also provide Teaching Guides with discussion and quiz questions to prompt student engagement.

Themes

Trust, Loyalty, and Betrayal Among Group Members

In a strong sense, Mac’s entire business operation—and by extension, much of his identity as this point in his life—is predicated on trust. Mac operates on the presumption that no one in the entire student body will tell on him; because so many need his services, he has an inherent faith that his secret is protected. He must maintain a much deeper but more tenuous trust, ironically, in those who are closer to him personally and serve as the guts of his business: his partner Vince, his “heavy,” Joe, and anyone else whom he hires along the way for special tasks, like Tyrell, Brady, and the bullies. These individuals are the ones who can do the most damage if they decide to turn. Mac’s fear of betrayal by his inner circle grows so strong after Vince admits taking some petty cash that his focus shifts to protecting the business itself and not the individuals he initially intended to benefit. This mistake almost costs him his best friend.

Ultimately, though, Mac discovers that Fred is the one sharing crucial information with the opposing side, which teaches Mac a valuable lesson about loyalty, trust, and friendship, as he tells Vince:

I just didn’t trust anyone anymore, not even myself. And I guess sometimes I lost sight of the fact that this business has always been about you and me, not the money at all. It has never mattered how much money we made, not even for a Cubs World Series game. But I’m not going to make those mistakes again (278-79).

Mac has the chance after defeating Staples to “reboot” his business with his newly-gained wisdom, and he demonstrates a calmer, more reflective set of decisions in repaying the bullies handsomely (thereby strengthening the trust between them) and bringing Fred on officially (initiating a relationship build on loyalty instead of one based on betrayal).

Staples, conversely, operates his gambling ring on a system of bribes and threats. He exacts “loyalty” from his bookies, customers, and henchmen by letting everyone know how they will suffer if they turn on him or rat him out. Mac, Vince, and Joe see this as they hear from Fred, Ears, Brady, the seventh grader Justin sends to beat up Mac, and eventually even PJ, Staples’s right-hand man. When PJ resists coming to the Yard near the climactic scene, Staples threatens what PJ holds most dear: “Just remember who pays for your car’s upgrades and your girlfriend’s necklaces and stuff, right?” (287). Though PJ shows up, he eventually deserts Staples, demonstrating how Staples’s brand of “teamwork” is less effective than Mac’s.

A Combination of Talents Provides Insurance for Success

Another way Mac and Staples are different becomes apparent in a culmination of character details regarding talents and skills. Through a combination of direct and indirect characterization throughout the novel, readers learn that Mac is organized, motivated, personable, confident, and engaging with his customers; he has a talent for being the operation’s front man and enjoys the spotlight and recognition. Vince, conversely, likes being the quiet business manager, is more skilled with numbers and offering ideas and advice, and has a flair for lightening the mood when needed with a killer one-liner or a challenging Cubs trivia question. As an older and physically more imposing student, Joe is suited well for the bodyguard job, while Tyrell Alishouse is a brilliantly skilled spy. Mac also chooses to allow owed favors instead of full payment from customers; that way, when he needs to call on someone to repay him, he has a variety of known talents and capabilities from which to draw. For example, he arranges entry to a movie for Robert through an older boy who works there and owes him a favor. Later, Robert himself repays Mac by finding information on Staples.

Each of the bullies Mac hires possesses some skill or talent that individualizes them as well. For example, Kevin steals lunch money, Snapper bites, iBully uses his computer skills and hacking, and Prep School spreads rumors to hurt people. The use of each bully’s particular talent is especially noticeable in the preparation for and carry-through of vengeance on the Collector. Every bully has a role to play, and they effectively “take down” Barnaby due to their combined areas of strength. Mac ultimately succeeds because of the amalgamation of talents and skills he acquires in his team.

Conversely, Staples and his crew of hired henchmen are not distinctly characterized by an array of talents or multiple intelligences. Staples is content to rely on their brute strength and ability to intimidate through threats and physicality. Though Staples’s directives to hurt or take out Mac’s team members are effective at first, such as when they tie up some of the bullies or beat Mac up while his cohorts are locked in the shed, eventually Staples is defeated by the desertion of his strongmen and his disregard for ensuring a team of multiple talents.

The Dichotomy Between Innocence and Immorality

Images, events, settings, and details establish a notable thematic contrast between innocence (here, meaning naïveté and purity) versus immorality and corruption. Much of this dichotomy follows lines of age; in other words, Mac and his crew (being younger) symbolize more innocence and virtue than Staples and his side. Being older, Staples and his cronies are closer to adulthood, have more independence and responsibility, and have seen or experienced more—and in Staples’s case, what he has experienced is hardship and loss.

These younger and older characteristics are represented in direct, simple ways and with more complex symbols. An example of a simple difference includes Mac’s and his friends’ use of bicycles compared to Staples’s and PJ’s use of cars. Staples and PJ have more independence as licensed drivers, and their power is implied by going further and faster than Mac can on his bike. Staples especially uses his red sports car threateningly as he trails Mac home from Vince’s house at night and takes Mac to Yard outside of town. Another example of the youthful innocence of Mac’s friends includes the “weapons” they bring to the Yard to save Mac, consisting of toys and other innocuous items.

In more complex terms of relative virtue, while Mac’s business is undoubtedly against the rules of any school, one could argue that his operation is more virtuous than Staples’ since Mac is determined to help others as he makes money while Staples makes money at others’ expense. Mac’s methods of payment are fair by comparison to Staples’s; also, he and Vince allow pro bono work to proceed in the case of someone truly in need, while Staples uses threats and ploys that only sink his debtors further into trouble. Perhaps because they are more innocent and optimistic, Mac and Vince see that Staples has suffered loss and lack of support in his home life, and they elect to offer help instead of turning him in to the police; symbolic of his decidedly committed turn from virtue, Staples rejects their offer and leaves town.

Other examples that contribute to this theme include the two levels of playgrounds at the school that keep the youngest and oldest children apart and the fact that recess (symbolic of innocent fun and games) is adjacent to the trailers where fights occur and the Dumpster area where kids go to smoke.

blurred text
blurred text
blurred text
blurred text