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47 pages 1 hour read

Willa Cather

The Professor's House

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1925

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Part 1, Chapters 8-17Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 1: “The Family”

Part 1, Chapter 8 Summary

The St. Peters and the Marselluses travel to Chicago. Against his better judgment, St. Peter allows Louie to pay for his and Lillian’s rooms at a fancy hotel. At the opera, St. Peter remarks to his wife that they should have died young and passionate together. Lillian replies that “it wasn’t the children who came between us” (52). St. Peter is shocked to discover that Lillian has also been feeling the distance between them and he reflects that “[t]he heart of another is a dark forest” (53). The birthday dinner for Rosamond is a success. After St. Peter’s lecture, St. Peter wishes that Louie had not invited three of his colleagues to attend.

Back in Hamilton, the weather is bitterly cold, and Lillian tries to dissuade St. Peter from working in the old house. Now that the rest of the structure is unoccupied, the gas stove will be the only source of heat, and she doesn’t believe that it will be safe. St. Peter says he’s gotten headaches from the gas fumes before and has always recovered. Still, Lillian finds his insistence “perverse,” and doesn’t understand why they’re still paying rent on the old house. The Professor is defensive and claims this is “almost” his “only extravagance.”

Part 1, Chapter 9 Summary

On Christmas morning, St. Peter walks to the old house, looking forward to a full day of work before a family dinner. He runs into Augusta, telling her how much he misses her company and seeing new dresses on her “ladies.” He thinks about past holidays in the old house as he climbs the stairs to his study; even when he was deep in work, he always knew that the preparations were taking place below. He eats lunch alone, remembering holidays he spent by himself in Paris and the experience of living with the Thierault family. He remembers sailing along the coast of Spain one summer and seeing the structure of his book take shape in his mind.

Rosamond wears her new emerald necklace—a birthday gift from Louie—to Christmas dinner. Louie is eager to praise her elegance, recalling the simple silver and turquoise bracelet she’d worn on their first date. Rosamond changes the subject. Louie announces that he and Rosamond are traveling to France for the summer and that he wants to take Lillian and St. Peter along. On their way home, Kathleen asks Scott whether he thinks that Rosamond is still in love with Tom—the turquoise bracelet had been one of his “trinkets.” Kathleen assures Scott that he’s the only man she’s ever loved.

Part 1, Chapter 10 Summary

Scott admits to St. Peter that he sometimes struggles to remember Tom as anything more than a “glittering ideal,” which prompts St. Peter to think back on their first meeting. St. Peter had been working in his garden on a Saturday morning when Tom appeared, asking for advice about attending the university at Hamilton. Tom had sought out St. Peter because of a magazine article St. Peter had written about the history of the southwestern US. The young man had an unsettled past. He lost his parents as an infant and had never attended school, though he did have a thorough understanding of Latin, thanks to a priest he studied with in New Mexico, and was clearly a capable and hard worker. During the next few months, Tom made quick intellectual progress, especially in mathematics, and he endeared himself to St. Peter’s family with his knowledge of the Southwest and stories of his adventures with his friend Rodney. Tom enjoyed the settled nature of the St. Peter home and the company of St. Peter’s young daughters. Looking back now, St. Peter feels nostalgia for the atmosphere of those early months.

Part 1, Chapter 11 Summary

Kathleen visits her father in the old house to ask him for help. Augusta has lost $500 in a bad stock deal. Although Augusta invested on Louie’s advice, Rosamond will not help her recoup the money—a move that St. Peter finds “petty.” Kathleen notices joyfully that her father still has Tom’s blanket from Mexico, which had been a gift from Rodney. Their conversation reveals that Rodney disappeared and that many of Kathleen’s childhood fantasies had involved rescuing him. She and her father fondly recall the years when Tom seemed like an older brother—a much different person than the one Rosamond and Louie venerate.

Part 1, Chapter 12 Summary

St. Peter has a visit from the wife of his colleague, Robert Crane, who had worked closely with Tom. Mrs. Crane wants to discuss the possibility of receiving some of the profits from Outland’s patent, especially since her husband’s health has been poor. St. Peter reminds her that he hasn’t received any of that money either, since Rosamond was the sole beneficiary of the estate, and that Tom did not mention Crane in the will. Mrs. Crane blames Louie, who came to Hamilton just after Outland was killed in combat, for having manipulated her husband into giving up any rights he might have had in the matter. St. Peter regrets that he can’t do more, but suggests that Louie was the best equipped to make Outland’s inventions profitable. He offers to speak to Rosamond on Crane’s behalf, but Mrs. Crane has decided to seek justice in court. Her visit to St. Peter was her way to let him know how she and her husband feel about the matter. When she leaves, St. Peter reflects on his “strange” friendship with Crane. Although they had little in common socially, they became allies against what they believed to be the State Legislature’s attempts to water down the academic mission of the university in favor of more practical—and financially lucrative—forms of education. When Tom graduated, he worked in the same building as Crane, a physics professor, and Crane had certainly been helpful to the younger man. St. Peter hopes that he can convince Crane not to take his case to court, and instead talk to Louie directly.

Part 1, Chapter 13 Summary

After dinner the same night, St. Peter visits Dr. Crane in his laboratory, hoping to find out more details about Crane’s collaboration with Tom. St. Peter quickly becomes frustrated by Crane’s vague explanations and his failure to have come to a more explicit understanding with Tom about the terms of their collaboration. Crane says the thought had never crossed his mind at the time, and admits that he is more interested in Tom’s idea now because it has proved profitable. St. Peter pledges to help how he can but recommends seeing Louie rather than going to court—or, if they insist on bringing a lawsuit, to engage the help of someone other than Crane’s bombastic brother-in-law.

Part 1, Chapter 14 Summary

Rosamond makes her father go furniture shopping with her in Chicago. By the time Scott runs into St. Peter on the train back to Hamilton, he can see that his father-in-law is exhausted, and he worries that Rosamond and Louie demand too much of St. Peter, who is getting older. Lillian also notices his weariness when he gets home. St. Peter thinks longingly of the story of Euripides, who, as an old man, lived in a cave by the sea to avoid the company—and the surveillance—of women.

Part 1, Chapter 15 Summary

Louie is full of plans for the family’s summer trip to Paris, in the hopes of pleasing both his wife and his father-in-law. St. Peter reflects on how both Rosamond and Lillian have changed since Louie came into their lives; they have “hardened” in some sense, even though Louie himself remains generous and kind. St. Peter’s refusal to go to Paris, saying he needs the summer for scholarly work in Hamilton, bothers his daughter and wife. Lillian worries that St. Peter is isolating himself from his family. St. Peter has trouble articulating his reluctance but insists that he needs the summer to rest in a place less mentally and emotionally “stimulating” than Paris.

Part 1, Chapter 16 Summary

Louie comes to the old house to insist on taking St. Peter for a drive with Rosamond. Louie effusively admires Tom’s Mexican blanket, remarking once again how much he regrets never having known Outland while he was alive. On the drive, Louie announces that he and Rosamond plan to give up their current house before leaving for Paris, moving their belongings to Outland (their new house). Louie plans to let Scott and Kathleen look over their furniture for anything they might want, but Rosamond is horrified by the suggestion; she assumes they’d reject the offer because it comes from her and Louie. She tells Louie that Scott blackballed him from the Arts and Letters Club, which hurts and confuses her husband. Louie plans to confront Scott about it but tells St. Peter that he doesn’t hold any ill will toward Scott. St. Peter admires Louie’s good nature.

Part 1, Chapter 17 Summary

As Lillian, Rosamond, and Louie sail to France for the summer, St. Peter brings his bed and clothing back to his old house. His main task is editing Tom’s diary of the six months he spent on the Blue Mesa and writing a biographical introduction to provide context. St. Peter thinks back to Tom’s senior year of college, when Lillian started to mistrust Tom because he kept so much information about his past hidden. The family had been surprised to learn that Tom had spent six months in Washington, DC, and had developed enough of an antipathy to the region that he turned down a graduate scholarship at Johns Hopkins University in favor of staying at Hamilton. That summer, while the rest of the family was in Colorado, St. Peter worked on the middle volumes of Spanish Adventurers and spent time with Tom, who finally opened up about his youth.

Part 1, Chapters 8-17 Analysis

The second half of Part 1 develops the personal and professional entanglements that complicate St. Peter’s life, such as the rivalry between his two daughters, the increasing distance between himself and his wife, and the struggle to define Tom Outland’s public and private legacies. All of this amplifies the theme of The Search for Meaning in a Changing World, as St. Peter must reconsider who he is in relation to his family and his work—all against the background of a university culture (to say nothing of a culture at large) that values applied, “practical” work over theoretical investigation. St. Peter’s reflections on the early years of his and his family’s acquaintance with Tom Outland suggest a yearning for The Allure of the Unknown and the Thrill of Discovery that the younger man had so effectively embodied.

Lillian St. Peter is devoted to her family in ways that her husband cannot be. She does her best to limit the demands made on him by his daughters and sons-in-law, while also making his obligations clear. Her presence keeps the theme of The Comforts and Constraints of Domesticity at the forefront of the narrative’s concerns. She both cultivates a domestic setting in which St. Peter can live his life of the mind and move effectively in society, while also embodying the female-identified forms of domesticity that her husband feels as impositions—even if he expresses that yearning indirectly, as in his insistence on maintaining his study in the old house, or in rueful comparisons of himself to Euripides. Moreover, Cather gestures to unexplored depths in Lillian’s psyche in her conversations with St. Peter. At the opera in Chicago, for instance, Lillian references a certain loneliness and unknowability: “‘One must go on living, Godfrey. But it wasn’t the children who came between us.’ There was something lonely and forgiving in her voice, something that spoke of an old wound, healed and hardened and hopeless” (53). Because the narrative remains focused on St. Peter’s perspective, it cannot offer further direct insight into what Lillian’s “old wound” could be—or what, exactly, she has decided to forgive in the interest of perpetuating the family’s daily life.

What is made clear, however, is that Lillian, too, faces the task of redefining her role as a faculty wife and as a mother to married daughters, and that she has made different choices than her husband when it comes to finding meaning in uncertainty. St. Peter frequently reflects on her closeness to her sons-in-law, comparing and contrasting these relationships with Lillian’s more complicated feelings about Tom Outland. While the young man had initially endeared himself to the St. Peter family with his humility, knowledge, and storytelling abilities, Lillian eventually came to see his presence as an imposition. In particular, Tom appears to have displaced Lillian as St. Peter’s main confidante and friend. When the women of the family traveled for the summer, St. Peter and Tom established an all-male version of the domestic space in the old house. While Tom carried out his experiments in the physics lab, St. Peter cooked elaborate dinners for two that were often followed by long conversations in the garden. The nostalgia with which St. Peter looks back on the domestic arrangements of that particular summer far exceeds any other of his memories of the house.

However, St. Peter is not the only character in the story who feels he can lay claim to Tom Outland’s memory. Throughout the second half of Part 1, Outland’s legacy is a matter of contention and strife. Often, this conflict pits those who privilege their personal friendship with Tom, such St. Peter, Scott, and Kathleen, against those who, like Louie and his wife, have profited financially from his public, intellectual legacy. Louie in particular seems to go out of his way to praise his version of Outland as a way to keep at bay any feelings of guilt that he might have about growing rich from the death of his wife’s fiancé; Rosamond, for her part, resents any reference to that wealth, not to mention petitions that she share it with people like Augusta or Doctor Crane.

Scott, who had been a friend of Tom’s, admits to St. Peter that “Tom isn’t very real to me any more. Sometimes I think he was just a—a glittering idea” (64). Kathleen, for her part, shares with her father a nostalgia for the early years of Tom’s presence in their lives, particularly the way that his stories of the Southwest penetrated their imaginations, even as those stories made him another kind of “glittering ideal.” For St. Peter, Tom remains the standard against which all other students and friends must be measured—and everyone comes up wanting. Still, keeping Tom’s memory as an ideal of friendship and thought is the only way for St. Peter to assign meaning to Tom’s existence and its tragic ending in war. Cather symbolizes the loss of meaning in life through St. Peter’s existential crisis: “Yes, it was possible that the little world, on its voyage among all the stars, might become like that; a boat on which one could travel no longer, from which one could no longer look up and confront those bright rings or revolution” (88). The boat that no longer travels symbolizes Tom, but it is also a figure for St. Peter’s own battle to locate meaning in an unfamiliar world. St. Peter is no longer convinced that life has purpose. He has lived long enough to see that good intentions, hard work, and achievement of goals don’t necessarily bring happiness or satisfaction.

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