54 pages • 1 hour read
Stephen KingA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Sheila watches her husband, Ben Richards, study a TV (called a “Free-Vee”) program called Treadmill to Bucks, in which people with severe health conditions try to earn money. For each additional minute spent on a treadmill, they are paid. Since their daughter, Cathy, grew sick, Ben has been watching the big money giveaway shows for weeks. Every apartment features a Free-Vee, but people are allowed to power them off.
Ben makes Sheila promise that she’ll take the money that he’ll win as a TV show contestant. After Ben leaves, a neighbor named Mrs. Jenner knocks and offers Sheila black market penicillin. Sheila screams for her to get away, and Mrs. Jenner leaves just as the contestant on the treadmill has a heart attack. In her apartment, Mrs. Jenner writes Sheila’s name in a notebook. Black market medicine is big business for unscrupulous people like her.
Ben walks toward the uptown neighborhood through decaying streets, which are now mostly run by biker gangs. He has already used his weekly stipend of unemployment money, so he can’t buy medicine for Cathy. He eventually reaches the Games Building and joins a long line of desperate men leading to the qualifying examinations.
A woman inside the Games Building gives Ben a cursory interview, in which he confirms that he left manual trades school at age 16 when he married. She hands him a plastic card. He is surprised when she clips off the card’s right-hand corner; she says he’ll learn what that means soon. Ben watches cops escort a tearful man out of the building, who has learned that he is ineligible for the Games.
Ben is defiant every chance he gets. He accuses a cop managing the lines of enjoying his ability to reject desperate people. As Ben continues the examination process, he antagonizes several other cops, who then mock him and say they can’t wait to watch him on the Games. Another potential contestant tells Ben to leave the cops alone because they have a grapevine and can make things harder for him. Ben takes a crowded elevator to the second floor and buys a cigarette from a machine. It’s his first in six months.
Ben watches the news while he waits for his next exam. The news is a depressing mixture of sports and riots. The other members in his group watch a game show called Fun Guns. Ben is suddenly homesick as a game called Dig Your Grave begins. He talks with a man who worries that the physicals will disqualify him, which would destroy his last hope of helping his family.
Ben enters a large examination room, where he strips with the others before presenting his card. He submits to various exams and gives a urine sample. After another interview, he rides an elevator to the third floor, where he is given a cot.
At six in the morning, Ben visits the bathroom with 50 other men, where he shaves and showers before eating in the cafeteria. As he eats, he worries about Cathy and Sheila.
On the fourth floor, a gaunt man wearing the Games emblem—a human head overlaid on a torch—tells the men to undress before receiving Games coveralls. The coveralls are dark blue, embossed with the Games insignia. As Ben waits in a holding room, he thinks again about Sheila.
The gaunt man sends Ben to Booth 6, where a beautiful woman named Rinda Ward tests his mental faculties. He mockingly compliments her nearly exposed breasts and refuses to act grateful for his opportunity to join the Games. He asks her why they assume everyone from his area is mentally challenged and can’t control their own sexual urges.
Ben finishes his exam with 15 minutes to spare. He ogles Rinda and enjoys her discomfort. After the math portion, he spanks Rinda lightly and tells her to shower. She is almost crying with anger and can’t disguise her desire to watch him get hurt in the Games. He tells her to treat herself to a large dinner that night and think about his dying child. Ben is now in a group of six.
A doctor gives Ben an inkblot test. The doctor’s final question is whether Ben has entered the Games to die by suicide. Ben denies it and says he wants the pride of working for his family again. The doctor bristles when Ben asks him if he has any pride.
Ben is now in a group of four. They reach their quarters on the fifth floor, and Ben sees a payphone. A cop named Charlie Grady refuses to give him money for a call until Ben tells him about his wife and child.
The operator who answers the phone says Sheila is out and condescendingly implies that Sheila is performing sex work in his absence. Sheila arrives before the operator can disconnect the call. She says Cathy is worse before admitting to having sex with two men that day to buy medicine. Ben makes her promise not to do it again because he thinks he’s going to be accepted on a big show. The operator disconnects the call while Ben is telling Sheila that he loves her. On the way back to his group, he is furious. He thinks, “Somebody has to pay […] Somebody has to” (51).
The next day, Ben rides an elevator to the sixth floor with 300 men. After they divide into groups of 50, he smokes in a nice chair in an auditorium. A man on the stage introduces Arthur M. Burns, the assistant director of Games. Burns congratulates them on their acceptance and calls them brave heroes for refusing to live on welfare. Ushers in red tunics enter and call their names before giving them envelopes containing their assignments.
Ben’s envelope contains a card that only says “ELEVATOR SIX.” There are four other men with him. One man excitedly says they are getting the big-money assignments on prime-time programming. These shows usually result in death, not merely maiming or heart attacks.
In a luxurious waiting room on the eighth floor, Ben meets a man named Jimmy Laughlin. Jimmy is sterile and has a withered arm, and he and Ben realize that they only live three blocks away from each other in their Development. Jimmy tells Ben they might have qualified for The Running Man. A receptionist sends Ben into the office.
Ben meets a man named Dan Killian, who confirms that Ben has been selected for The Running Man. Killian is the executive producer. He has a full dossier on Ben, which mentions that he was suspended from trades school twice for his failure to respect authority. The file says that Ben is 28 and is married as part of an “[o]ld-style lifetime contract” (64). He and the doctor are disturbed by Ben’s violent responses to the word associations and other exams.
He tells Ben that there have been no survivors in six years because the Hunters and their leader, McCone, never lose. While briefing Ben on the rules, Killian says that Ben’s family will receive $100 for each hour that he survives. If he survives for 30 days after a 12-hour head start, Ben will receive one billion New Dollars. Ben laughs when Killian offers him a woman. Instead, he requests two bottles of bourbon for his room after being told that he can’t have a telephone.
A receptionist gives Ben an envelope that contains a letter from Killian and a 10% personal loan against his potential winnings for his daughter’s medication. It contains 48 coupons, each worth 10 New Dollars. The letter urges Ben to stay close to his own people during the contest. Ben is irrationally grateful to Killian, even though his anger is mounting.
In his suite, Ben drinks bourbon and asks a cop to give the coupons to his family. He also tells him to give a coupon to Charlie Grady, the cop who let him use the phone. He asks for receipts proving that the coupons were delivered to his family. Then he asks for books and a huge meal.
Ben is reading a mediocre novel when the cop returns with the receipts and a baby picture from Sheila. There is also a sarcastic thank you note from Grady. Ben decides to see if he can drink the second bottle of bourbon before he passes out.
Ben is hungover on Saturday but orders two more bottles of bourbon that night. After finishing them, he stops drinking to recover for the show. He reads, sleeps badly each night, and has frequent nightmares. There are less than 24 hours before the game begins when Burns visits Ben for his final briefing.
The 10th floor contains the broadcasting infrastructure. When reaching The Running Man’s studio, Ben surrenders his card, which he won’t need again. Killian introduces him to Fred Victor, the show’s director, and Bobby Thompson, the host. Victor explains how he will be brought on stage with armed guards, after which Bobby will interview him.
Laughlin will debut 15 minutes later. As part of the rules, Ben has to record and deposit two 10-minute cassette clips per day. Killian also tells him that he’ll receive an extra $100 for every Hunter he kills. Ben can’t leave the building armed, but he can arm himself afterward. Killian reminds Ben that the Network also offers rewards to any civilians that report a verified sighting. Ben doesn’t shake their hands as he leaves.
Ben watches himself on the studio monitor as the crowd boos. They have made him look threatening and primitive compared to Bobby Thompson. Then they show an altered image of Sheila that makes her look lascivious, drugged, and overweight. During the interview, Ben tells Thompson that someone will pay for the picture of his wife. Then he asks the audience why they don’t kill each other if they’re so desperate to see death. He answers every question with a protest that Sheila’s picture wasn’t accurate. Then he says he’ll last the whole 30 days. He flips the crowd off with both hands, and they rush the stage as he is escorted off. They truly hate him and want to see him dead.
King uses these chapters to introduce Ben, Sheila, Cathy, and the corrupt society of the future. Sheila provides the first characterization of Ben, expressing alarm at his studious Free-Vee viewing: “He hated it, always had” (1). Ben’s hatred separates him from most of the other characters, who avidly consume Free-View’s reality TV programs, which prey on the lower classes. Ben’s hatred implies that he recognizes the Network’s predatory behavior.
Through the Network, King explores Media Manipulation and Societal Control. As the narrative will later reveal, the Network uses Free-Vee to pacify the lower classes and distract them while they die from air pollution. Ben lives in Co-Op City. The term “co-op” is short for “cooperative,” which usually connotes a community that sustains itself and its citizens with mutual respect and shared resources, creating harmony and equality. However, Co-Op City is run by the propaganda machine of the Network. Ratings trump morality, and entertainment is prioritized over the survival of contestants. An authoritarian regime needs to reach the greatest number of people with its message. In the world of The Running Man, that platform is the Free-Vee offered by the Network.
One of the novel’s key messages is the value of the written word. King indicts the pacifying medium of television. In The Running Man, TV is the regime’s greatest tool for controlling its citizens, as it is easy to passively consume a program. In contrast, King shows how written language has edifying, galvanizing potential. This becomes clear later in the novel, when a character named Bradley reveals that he learned about how the air is polluted from reading at the library.
King also explores The Class Divide. The upper class of Co-Op City does not need to control the content of print. Instead, they simply make it hard to get books while working to encourage illiteracy. The easiest way for an authoritarian regime to manipulate the populace is to limit access of information. Later, Bradley portrays reading as an act of rebellion against the Network. When Ben has the chance to ask for anything in his suite, he chooses alcohol and books, rather than availing himself of sex. Ben describes himself as a throwback, and society agrees.
The recordings Ben must submit foreshadow modern reality TV, which emerged decades after the publication of The Running Man. First-person interviews filmed in confessional style have become a staple of unscripted programming, as has 24-hour surveillance. By entering The Running Man, Ben has surrendered his privacy. However, unlike TV contestants in real life, the stakes are life and death rather than mere entertainment.
In both The Running Man and real life, manipulation is a staple of reality television. Heavy editing makes it possible for producers to create specific narratives and evoke emotional reactions in viewers. When the show airs, Ben scarcely recognizes himself in the Network’s portrayal of him: “All in all, the Richards on the monitor was terrifying—the angel of urban death, not very bright, but possessed of a certain primitive animal cunning. The uptown apartment dweller’s boogeyman” (91). The image of Ben’s wife is also manipulated to seem lascivious. The Network’s objective is to evoke hatred and antipathy in viewers. If Ben and Sheila are at all sympathetic, the public may not want to hunt Ben or report sightings of him to the Network.
The public in King’s world has An Appetite for Violence. In Treadmill to Bucks, contestants with heart problems try to earn money by running on a treadmill for as long as they can. The audiences in the studio and at home gleefully tune in to watch people suffer in real time. As Killian tells Ben, “People won’t be in the bars and hotels or gathering in the cold in front of appliance stores rooting for you to get away. Goodness! No. They want to see you wiped out, and they’ll help if they can. The more messy the better” (66).
Ben is primarily characterized by his defiance and anger. He thinks, more than once, “Somebody has to pay […] Somebody has to” (51). He is just as desperate as the others applying for spots in the Games, but he is also full of rage. He does nothing to hide his contempt for the Games, the producers, and their false flattery as they refer to the contestants as heroes. For example, Ben delights in making Rinda uncomfortable during their interview. She is used to people acting as if being near her beauty is a privilege, but Ben refuses to play along. Instead, he tells her, “You have a nice night tonight […] You go out and have a nice six-course meal with whoever you’re sleeping with this week and think about my kid dying of flu in a shitty three-room Development apartment” (41). He also prods the smug doctor when questioned about his job history: “I want to work again, even if it’s only being the sucker-man in a loaded game. I want to work and support my family. I have pride. Do you have pride, Doctor?” (46).
This is part of what makes Ben an ideal candidate for The Running Man: He will be easy for the crowd to root against since he shows his disgust at their appetite for violence. As Chapter 20 ends, the game is about to begin. Ben’s belligerence and the Network’s portrayal of him have firmly rooted the audience against him, and Killian could not be happier about it.
The chapter titles are a countdown. Later, the narrative will reveal what the countdown is toward: Ben flying a plane into the Games Building.
By Stephen King