41 pages • 1 hour read
Lois LowryA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
With nowhere to live, Tim desperately creates plans for everyone to follow. He tells Jane that she should contract a disease and die slowly and advises the twins to join the circus. He even tells the nanny to become a missionary in Africa. For his own future, Tim plans to pull himself up by the “bootstraps” (109) and make his own way by saving pennies that he earns, hoping that one day someone wealthy will decide to adopt him. The nanny has a better idea; she asks Mr. Melanoff if they can live with him on the condition that she help care for the baby. Mr. Melanoff agrees, and the nanny and the Willoughby children move into the mansion. One day, Mr. Melanoff tells the Barnaby twins that he made his fortune with a best-selling candy called “Lickety Twist” (112). He never eats candy himself, but his concern was to try to make money. Mr. Melanoff also admits that he has romantic feelings for the nanny.
One morning in Switzerland, Ms. Melanoff tells her son to eat his breakfast, but he hates it. She and the postmaster sit and complain about the boy, talking about how he never keeps his room clean and has become “wasted and weak” (117). The postmaster suggests sending the boy away on his own to find his way in the world, and his mother agrees. When the boy contemplates the possibility of finding his father, he becomes excited and quickly finishes his food. Within hours of his departure, the boy’s mother has already painted his room and has packed away all of his belongings.
With his meticulous wife gone, Mr. Melanoff revels in his newfound happiness with the nanny, baby Ruth, and the Willoughby children. He starts creating candy recipes again. He experiments with nuts, chocolate, and caramel, searching for the perfect combination. Mr. Melanoff is thrilled to be back at his craft and is still surprised that his life was not rendered meaningless after all. He ponders what to name his newest creation.
Mr. Melanoff’s son walks from one Swiss village to the next, through the hills and past the Alps where the Willoughbys’ parents now lie frozen and dead. The boy has no idea where his father lives, but when he enters a town and stops for something to eat, he recognizes a particular type of candy on the shelf. Buying a Lickety Twist, he notices the address for the factory on the wrapper. Now, the boy knows exactly where to go to find his father; he just has to figure out how to get there.
A month later, Mr. Melanoff has settled on the final recipe for his new candy bar. He gazes at his new family with pride and fondness and spontaneously decides to name the candy bar after Ruth. Mr. Melanoff calls the whole family together and makes a speech, stating his appreciation and hopes for them all. He hopes that Tim will become an attorney and that the Barnabys (referred to only as A and B) will finally have real names. He also compliments Jane on being so self-assured. Mr. Melanoff tells the nanny that she has turned his house into a home. He then announces his plans to burn the stack of letters from Switzerland. Jane casually remarks that she read some of them, and the nanny asks her about the contents. Jane states that the letters contained many repetitive questions about when Mr. Melanoff would be coming for his wife and son. The letters slowly turned to anger, then dismissal. When Jane repeats the words of the most recent letter, which announces that Mr. Melanoff’s son is just as messy as he is, Mr. Melanoff suddenly realizes that his son is still alive. At that moment, the doorbell rings; Mr. Melanoff’s son is standing outside, tattered and cold.
After the story’s happy ending, the author steps in to clear up all remaining questions and provide anecdotes about the characters’ futures. She notes that Mr. Melanoff’s son traveled across the world by stowing away on a ship, and that his name is Barnaby as well. For this reason, the twins choose new names (Bill and Joe), and all of the Willoughby children are adopted. Mr. Melanoff marries the nanny and they live happily together. Mr. Melanoff’s son takes over the candy business. Baby Ruth eventually finds her mother and sends her the basket she was left in as a “gift.” She later marries Tim, who does indeed become a lawyer. Jane becomes a “professor of feminist literature” (146), and the twins open a clothing store, offering a discount to parents with twins. In Switzerland, Mr. Melanoff’s ex-wife and the postmaster live out solitary lives. Occasionally, Mr. Melanoff takes the family to Switzerland on vacation, and during these trips, the Willoughby children stare up at the Alps, thinking of their parents and thanking them for being gone.
In the story’s climax and conclusion, the story’s deliberately clichéd happy ending pokes fun at the stereotypical happily ever after that characterizes traditional children’s stories. Rather than being grateful for their parents’ love and influence, the Willoughby children evince gratitude to Mr. and Mrs. Willoughby for their very deaths and resulting absence from the world. Thus, Lowry maintains the novel’s dark tone even as she injects moments of wry humor to lighten the more serious mood. Even before this conclusion, however, Lowry’s characters create a veritable smorgasbord of storytelling clichés; upon realizing that his family now has no home, Tim suggests they all embody literary stereotypes, echoing the conventions of many a tale by telling Jane to die of a slow disease and urging the twins to join the circus. He also refers to the rags-to-riches stories penned by Horatio Alger when he announces that he plans to pull himself up by the bootstraps and save his pennies. As he states, “I’m going to […] sell newspapers on cold, windy street corners, saving every hard-won penny, in hopes that someday a well-to-do businessman […] will recognize my worthiness, like Ragged Dick in that book by what-was-his-name, Horatio Alger?” (109-10). With this nonsensical plan, Tim hopes to find a rich benefactor one day, but ironically, Tim never has to pull himself up by his bootstraps because the nanny goes straight to the rich benefactor down the street and asks for help. Thus, Lowry both employs and ridicules a common trope of old-fashioned children’s literature. Amid these developments, Tim’s emphasis on The Importance of Logical Rules is established to be somewhat less than logical, given that he is relying upon literary tropes to impose a sense of order on his own chaotic reality.
While the story’s ending is happy for its surviving characters, it reflects a decidedly amoral ending because their happiness is founded on the severe misfortune of others. While the Willoughby children’s experiences reflect the importance of Learning from Significant Mistakes and finding creative ways to improve one’s life, the story’s epilogue also emphasizes that despite these changes and improvements, adult life often mirrors the many tendencies that people demonstrate in childhood. As the bare bones of each character’s future are revealed, it becomes clear that the traits that define the Willoughbys in their youth will continue to define them in adulthood as well. Likewise, Mr. Melanoff passes his business on to his son, who has always been very similar to him in temperament. However, despite the bittersweet nature of these underlying truths, Lowry also holds to the “happily ever after” trope in her own unique way; the bright future that Mr. Melanoff envisages for his found family comes true in the end, and the children ironically salute their own parents for being gone because this absence allows them to obtain a much better life. When Mr. Melanoff states, “This house has changed greatly in the past months. All because of you. Each one of you” (134), he refers to the fact that his empty shell of a house—neglected, dark, and sad—is now alive with laughter, noise, and the warmth of family members who truly care for one another.
By Lois Lowry