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67 pages 2 hours read

Charlotte Brontë

Villette

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1853

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Chapters 4-6Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 4 Summary: “Miss Marchmont”

Lucy leaves Bretton soon after Paulina and never returns. By the time she leaves Bretton, she has been away from her home for six months, and she claims she was glad to return. However, the next eight years of her life are not a happy season. Lucy speaks directly to the reader, asking them to picture her life as a sea journey on calm ocean waters, as she says most women are supposed to do, but saying that her life during this period is more like a violent shipwreck after a storm: “a long time—of cold, of danger, of contention” (45). All is lost to her during this time, and Mrs. Bretton is not able to help as she too has fallen on difficult times. Graham and his mother now live in London. Lucy learns to depend solely on herself.

A single lady called Miss Marchmont eventually asks Lucy to become her companion and nurse. Miss Marchmont is a wealthy lady, but ill and bedridden. She is known to be both kind and difficult at times. Miss Marchmont warns Lucy that it will be a difficult job, and though she doubts her ability to do it, Lucy agrees. Lucy is worn down physically and emotionally from her ordeal; however, she spends all her time inside caring for the needs of Miss Marchmont and comes to respect her.

On a stormy February night, Lucy hears something ominous in the wind that she interprets as a bad omen. When the storm ends, Miss Marchmont awakens and has a momentary spell of clarity and vigor. She tells Lucy the story of how she lost her love Frank in a riding accident on Christmas Eve: Miss Marchmont held him as he died. She worries her love for Frank has gotten in the way of her faith in God. Miss Marchmont promises to take care of Lucy financially. The next morning Lucy finds Miss Marchmont has died of a stroke.

Chapter 5 Summary: “Turning a New Leaf”

Miss Marchmont did not have time to arrange an inheritance for Lucy before she died. Lucy receives her wages of 15 pounds from Miss Marchmont’s second cousin. Lucy is to leave in one week but has not secured a new job or residence. She decides to visit her old nurse, Mrs. Barrett, now a housekeeper at a large home, for advice. After an initial conversation with Mrs. Barrett, Lucy walks at night and sees the northern lights, receiving it as a sign she is to move to London. The next day, she tells this to Mrs. Barrett, who knows Lucy is an educated and wise young woman but expresses concern regarding Lucy’s lack of means.

Lucy was a schoolmate with the lady of the house, Mrs. Barrett’s employer, who now has a young son. Lucy remembers the woman as beautiful but unintelligent. However, she now finds herself impressed by the woman’s kind looks, thinking, “Wifehood and maternity had changed her thus, as I have since seen them change others even less promising than she” (57). The lady speaks French poorly, but the boy has a nurse from another country, and Mrs. Barrett tells Lucy that governesses are treated well abroad. Lucy notes this piece of information. Mrs. Barrett also gives Lucy the name of an inn where she can stay in London.

Lucy travels to London but decides not to stay. She is not well received by the innkeepers, who assume she is poor due to her dress. She is overwhelmed by the cityscape’s stark difference compared to where she has been living. Lucy is exhausted and barely able to speak to the innkeepers to convince them of her identity. A meal and the warmth of the fire revive her, but she feels horribly alone. She cries herself to sleep but is awakened by church bells.

Chapter 6 Summary: “London”

Lucy awakens the next day refreshed and exhilarated to be in a large city. As she eats breakfast, Lucy becomes acquainted with the waiter, who knew her uncles, Charles and Wilmot. Lucy enjoys a walk through the city, visiting a bookshop and St. Paul’s Cathedral. She takes in the view of the city from the dome of the cathedral and decides she loves the city more than the country: “At the West End you may be amused, but in the city you are deeply excited” (62).

After food, rest, and some deep thought, Lucy decides she will travel abroad. The waiter helps her plan the details of her journey, including securing her berth on a ship called The Vivid. Lucy boards the boat, but the boatmen and porters swindle her. She then tries to rest in her berth but is kept awake by a talkative stewardess and her son. Also on the boat are the Watsons, a wealthy family of four, and a young woman married to an older man.

The next morning, another young lady, Ginevra Fanshawe, sits to talk with Lucy. Ginevra is on her way to school in Villette, the capital of Labassecour. Ginevra is a lively and interesting young lady who says her parents are poor but have a wealthy relation named de Bassompierre who pays for her and her siblings’ education. Lucy tells her she is unsure of her destination and needs work. Ginevra mentions a Madame Beck in Villette who is in need of a governess. By the end of Ginevra and Lucy’s conversation, most of the passengers are becoming seasick and retire below, but Lucy remains on deck and contemplates her mysterious future. Towards evening, Lucy becomes seasick and, returning to her berth, is annoyed when Ginevra tries to talk with her. After a rough night at sea, they come to port in Boue-Marine. Lucy finds an inn where she can rest and recover from the journey.

Chapters 4-6 Analysis

This section begins and ends with sea voyages—the first metaphorical, and the second a reality. After her time at Bretton, Lucy returns to her home, though she provides no details as to its location or whether she lives with her parents or other relations. Lucy speaks of these eight years in a dreamlike way, addressing the reader directly and painting a picture of a serene boat journey ravaged by a storm, resulting in the deaths of everyone else on board—presumably, her family (in the period between publishing Jane Eyre and Villette, Charlotte Brontë lost all three of her siblings to disease and, in her brother’s case, alcoholism). Lucy emerges from this season frail, destitute, and in mourning clothes. It was a time of tremendous personal and emotional tragedy, yet Lucy will not reveal the details: Her cold detachment towards her past might be an attempt to forget her trauma. The author employs the use of an extended metaphor through Lucy’s monologue to reveal the struggle she has endured while underscoring the societal pressure to keep one’s pain a secret. It would not be socially appropriate for Lucy to share her deep emotional wounds.

As she is still recovering from her metaphorical shipwreck, Lucy finds temporary refuge in the home of Miss Marchmont. One of the few “respectable” employment options for middle-class, unmarried women in the 19th-century was to become either a governess to a wealthy child or a companion to an older female. Lucy’s time with the prickly spinster, although challenging, gives her time to process her grief and plan for the future, and Miss Marchmont promises to help her financially. However, another storm soon appears, this time preceding Miss Marchmont’s deathbed reverie telling of her lost love Frank. After Miss Marchmont’s unexpected death, Lucy is adrift once again without attachments or financial security—a desperate situation for a young woman of the 1800s. Lucy stoically endures this tragedy, finding guidance in nature as she sees the northern lights on her walk to visit Mrs. Barrett. Lucy interprets this as a sign that she must move to London. That Lucy looks for God’s personal revelation in nature is a hallmark of her Protestant religious beliefs.

Lucy’s time in London is freeing, but she quickly realizes the dream cannot last. Armed with the information from Mrs. Barrett about the opportunity to become a governess, she takes hold of her destiny and boards a ship for France. This second sea journey is turbulent, and. Lucy ponders her status as an English girl traveling alone. As she sits on the deck, she recites a few lines from “To Althea, from Prison” by Richard Lovelace, a Cavalier poet of the 17th century. The poem speaks of the freedom found in the wisdom of pure love. Lucy could see her isolation and poverty as prisons, yet she chooses to see them as a chance to start over in life. Lucy’s optimism is a sign of personal strength, but she has never truly experienced a peaceful, connected life and therefore does not know what she is missing. For Brontë’s contemporary reader, Lucy’s lifestyle—venturing abroad without male protection—borders on scandalous. In her protagonist, the author presents a young woman on a path to self-discovery independent of the patriarchal society that values Lucy only as a prospective wife and mother.

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